ArticleCell reports2016
Critical Role of CD2 Co-stimulation in Adaptive Natural Killer Cell Responses Revealed in NKG2C-Deficient Humans.
Article in Cell reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypical and potential functional characteristics of different immune cells expressing CD28H/B7-H5 and their relationship with cancer prognosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Pooled it
- NK Cell Activity and CD57Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Human Cytomegalovirus Antigen Presentation by HLA-DR+ NKG2C+ Adaptive NK Cells Specifically Activates Polyfunctional Effector Memory CD4+ T Lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Adaptive Reconfiguration of Natural Killer Cells in HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- TLR9 Agonists Potentiate Adoptive T-cell Therapy in Cancer through a B-cell-CD2 Costimulatory Axis.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Clonal selection of somatic mutations shapes NK cell memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells in kidney immune surveillance, injury and fibrosis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Expanded adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells exhibit potent ADCC and functional responses against HBV-infected hepatoma cell lines.Cytotherapy · 2026Article
- Interferon stimulation and NKG2D expression drive enhanced natural killer cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against viral infections.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Coexpression of GITRL confers resistance to Treg cell-mediated immunosuppression to anti-CD19 CAR-NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- NKG2A-mediated immune modulation of natural killer cells by Staphylococcus aureus.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- The immune response to human cytomegalovirus: impact of age, co-morbidities and the significance of anti-viral activity assessment.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Anti-Her2 CAR-NK92 Cells and Their Exosomes: Generation, Characterization, and Selective Cytotoxicity Against Her2-Positive Tumor Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Interleukin-35 impairs human NK cell effector functions and induces their ILC1-like conversion with tissue residency features.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Natural killer cell-based immunotherapy for cancer.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- Review
- In depth transcriptomic profiling defines a landscape of dysfunctional immune responses in patients with VEXAS syndrome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Splenic TNF-α signaling potentiates the innate-to-adaptive transition of antiviral NK cells.Immunity · 2025Article
- The FcγRIIIA (CD16) L48-H/R Polymorphism Enhances NK Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity by Promoting Serial Killing.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- CITE-Seq Analysis Reveals a Differential Natural Killer CellInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) leads to NKG2C-driven expansion of adaptive natural killer (NK) cells, contributing to host defense. However, approximately 4% of all humans carry a homozygous deletion of the gene that encodes NKG2C (NKG2C(-/-)). Assessment of NK cell repertoires in 60 NKG2C(-/-) donors revealed a broad range of NK cell populations displaying characteristic footprints of adaptive NK cells, including a terminally differentiated phenotype, functional reprogramming, and epigenetic remodeling of the interferon (IFN)-γ promoter. We found that both NKG2C(-) and NKG2C(+) adaptive NK cells expressed high levels of CD2, which synergistically enhanced ERK and S6RP phosphorylation following CD16 ligation. Notably, CD2 co-stimulation was critical for the ability of adaptive NK cells to respond to antibody-coated target cells. These results reveal an unexpected redundancy in the human NK cell response to HCMV and suggest that CD2 provides "signal 2" in antibody-driven adaptive NK cell responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.