ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Inflammation Enhances the Risks of Stroke and Death in Chronic Chagas Disease Patients.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Progression to Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Left Atrial Thrombus and Cardioembolic Stroke in Chagas Cardiomyopathy Presenting with Atrial Flutter: A Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- New parameter for QRS complex low voltage in chagasic cardiomyopathy: the ADOC index.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2025Article
- Higher T-bet and IFN-γ expression in advanced chagasic megaesophagus indicates Th1 response in the chronic phase.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Cardioembolic stroke in Chagas disease: unraveling the underexplored connection through a systematic review.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Immortalized Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium on Human Lung Myofibroblasts and Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Stroke in Chagas disease: from pathophysiology to clinical practice.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Article
- Interleukin-9 in Immunopathology ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Treatment With Suboptimal Dose of Benznidazole Mitigates Immune Response Molecular Pathways in Mice With Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Innate immune receptors over expression correlate with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and digestive damage in patients.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- IL-9 and Th9 in parasite immunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2017Review
- Potential Role of Carvedilol in the Cardiac Immune Response Induced by Experimental Infection withBioMed research international · 2017Article
- Benznidazole affects expression of Th1, Th17 and Treg cytokines during acute experimentalThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Inhibition of HSP90 Promotes Neural Stem Cell Survival from Oxidative Stress through Attenuating NF-Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Article
- Article
- Neurochagas: Experimental and human literature of an uncommon entity (Review).Medicine internationalReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ischemic strokes have been implicated as a cause of death in Chagas disease patients. Inflammation has been recognized as a key component in all ischemic processes, including the intravascular events triggered by vessel interruption, brain damage and repair. In this study, we evaluated the association between inflammatory markers and the death risk (DR) and stroke risk (SR) of patients with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines, transcription factors expressed in the adaptive immune response (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T cell), and iNOS were analyzed by real-time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chagasic patients who exhibited the indeterminate, cardiac, digestive and cardiodigestive clinical forms of the disease, and the levels of these transcripts were correlated with the DR and SR. Cardiac patients exhibited lower mRNA expression levels of GATA-3, FoxP3, AHR, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-22 but exhibited higher expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α compared with indeterminate patients. Digestive patients showed similar levels of GATA-3, IL-4 and IL-10 than indeterminate patients. Cardiodigestive patients exhibited higher levels of TNF-α compared with indeterminate and digestive patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that patients with high DR and SR exhibited lower GATA-3, FoxP3, and IL-10 expression and higher IFN-γ, TNF-α and iNOS mRNA expression than patients with low DR and SR. A negative correlation was observed between Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA expression and the DR and SR. Moreover, TNF-α and iNOS expression was positively correlated with DR and SR. Our data suggest that an inflammatory imbalance in chronic Chagas disease patients is associated with a high DR and SR. This study provides a better understanding of the stroke pathobiology in the general population and might aid the development of therapeutic strategies for controlling the morbidity and mortality of Chagas disease.
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