ReviewPLoS medicine2016
The Vast and Varied Global Burden of Norovirus: Prospects for Prevention and Control.
Review in PLoS medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 453 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of norovirus infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of virology · 2024Pooled it
- Global prevalence of asymptomatic norovirus infection in outbreaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Birth Cohort Studies Assessing Norovirus Infection and Immunity in Young Children: A Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate in infants from 6 weeks to 5 months of age: A phase 2, randomized, double-blind trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Immune responses in healthy adults elicited by a bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate composed of GI.4 and GII.4 VLPs without adjuvant.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating phase I trial to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of a plant-produced, bivalent, recombinant norovirus-like particle vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Changes in micronutrient and inflammation serum biomarker concentrations after a norovirus human challenge.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- A 3-year wastewater-based epidemiology study of noroviruses in Senegal.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Conformational Plasticity of the Human Norovirus GII.3 Capsid Reveals Alternative P Domain Interaction Networks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Management of Norovirus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Scoping Review.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Wastewater-based surveillance of norovirus GI and GII: Comparative performance of commercial and in-house RT-qPCR Assays.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Cationic Nanogel Coated Norovirus VLP Nasal Vaccine Induces Neutralizing Mucosal IgA and Serum IgG Antibodies.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Beyond Rotavirus: Persistence of Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Astrovirus in Paediatric Gastroenteritis in the Republic of Congo After Vaccine Introduction.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Structural and genetic analysis of neutralizing antibodies reveals mechanisms of GII.4 norovirus antigenic evolution.Research square · 2026Article
- Systemic remodeling of the multi-organ virome following Echinococcus infection in mice.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Trivalent multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus 40/41: epitope screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation with in silico validation guided by immunoinformatics.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Designing a novel and effective multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human astrovirus using reverse vaccinology approach.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Mutational analysis of human norovirus VP2 elucidates critical molecular interactions for virus assembly.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Characterization of humoral and cellular immunity induced by mRNA vaccines expressing norovirus VP1 proteins in mice and NHPs.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Globally, norovirus is associated with approximately one-fifth of all diarrhea cases, with similar prevalence in both children and adults, and is estimated to cause over 200,000 deaths annually in developing countries. Norovirus is an important pathogen in a number of high-priority domains: it is the most common cause of diarrheal episodes globally, the principal cause of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States, a key health care-acquired infection, a common cause of travel-associated diarrhea, and a bane for deployed military troops. Partly as a result of this ubiquity and burden across a range of different populations, identifying target groups and strategies for intervention has been challenging. And, on top of the breadth of this public health problem, there remain important gaps in scientific knowledge regarding norovirus, especially with respect to disease in low-income settings. Many pathogens can cause acute gastroenteritis. Historically, rotavirus was the most common cause of severe disease in young children globally. Now, vaccines are available for rotavirus and are universally recommended by the World Health Organization. In countries with effective rotavirus vaccination programs, disease due to that pathogen has decreased markedly, but norovirus persists and is now the most common cause of pediatric gastroenteritis requiring medical attention. However, the data supporting the precise role of norovirus in low- and middle-income settings are sparse. With vaccines in the pipeline, addressing these and other important knowledge gaps is increasingly pressing. We assembled an expert group to assess the evidence for the global burden of norovirus and to consider the prospects for norovirus vaccine development. The group assessed the evidence in the areas of burden of disease, epidemiology, diagnostics, disease attribution, acquired immunity, and innate susceptibility, and the group considered how to bring norovirus vaccines from their current state of development to a viable product that will benefit global health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.