ArticlePloS one2016
Early Detection of Epidemic GII-4 Norovirus Strains in UK and Malawi: Role of Surveillance of Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis in Anticipating Global Epidemics.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Evolution and Epidemiology of Norovirus GII.4 Viruses in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Global burden and trends of norovirus-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021 an observational trend study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Observational
- Generation of Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Human Norovirus Capsid Proteins.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Development of a recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid detection of human norovirus GII.4.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Homotypic and Heterotypic Protection and Risk of Reinfection Following Natural Norovirus Infection in a Highly Endemic Setting.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Detection of Norovirus Variant GII.4 Hong Kong in Asia and Europe, 2017-2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Norovirus Activity and Genotypes in Sporadic Acute Diarrhea in Children in Shanghai During 2014-2018.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Article
- Norovirus strain types found within the second infectious intestinal diseases (IID2) study an analysis of norovirus circulating in the community.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Estimating the incidence of norovirus acute gastroenteritis among US and European international travelers to areas of moderate to high risk of traveler's diarrhea: a prospective cohort study protocol.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Genetic Diversity of Noroviruses Circulating in a Pediatric Cohort in Bangladesh.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Molecular epidemiology and temporal evolution of norovirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Amazonas state, Brazil.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Genotypic and Epidemiological Trends of Acute Gastroenteritis Associated with Noroviruses in China from 2006 to 2016.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Methods for ascertaining norovirus disease burdens.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Article
- Molecular Evolution of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- A norovirus intervariant GII.4 recombinant in Victoria, Australia, June 2016: the next epidemic variant?Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2016Article
- The Vast and Varied Global Burden of Norovirus: Prospects for Prevention and Control.PLoS medicine · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Noroviruses are endemic in the human population, and are recognised as a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Although they are a highly diverse group of viruses, genogroup-II genotype-4 (GII-4) noroviruses are the most frequently identified strains worldwide. The predominance of GII-4 norovirus strains is driven by the periodic emergence of antigenic variants capable of evading herd protection. The global molecular epidemiology of emerging GII-4 strains is largely based on data from outbreak surveillance programmes, but the epidemiology of GII-4 strains among sporadic or community cases is far less well studied. To understand the distribution of GII-4 norovirus strains associated with gastroenteritis in the wider population, we characterised the GII-4 norovirus strains detected during studies of sporadic cases of infectious gastroenteritis collected in the UK and Malawi between 1993 and 2009. Our data shows that GII-4 norovirus strains that have emerged as strains of global epidemic importance have circulated in the community up to 18 years before their recognition as pandemic strains associated with increases in outbreaks. These data may suggest that more comprehensive surveillance programmes that incorporate strains associated with sporadic cases may provide a way for early detection of emerging strains with pandemic potential. This may be of particular relevance as vaccines become available.
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