ArticlePediatric reports2016
Salivary Cortisol Levels: The Importance of Clown Doctors to Reduce Stress.
Article in Pediatric reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03537859 (Effect of Augmented Reality Books on Cortisol Levels in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Augmented Reality Books on Cortisol Levels in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: a Cross-over Study.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of hospital clowns for symptom management in paediatrics: systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Pooled it
- Medical clown intervention shortens length of hospitalization in children with pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- To the Operating Room! Positive Effects of a Healthcare Clown Intervention on Children Undergoing Surgery.Frontiers in public health · 2021Trial
- The Effect of Clown Intervention on Self-Report and Biomarker Measures of Stress and Fatigue in Pediatric Osteosarcoma Inpatients: A Pilot Study.Integrative cancer therapies · 2018Trial
- Short-term effects of clown visits in child and adolescent psychiatric care: a pilot study on patient stress and mood outcomes and staff evaluations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Medical clowns improve sleep and shorten hospitalization duration in hospitalized children.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review.Pediatric reports · 2023Review
- Effects of clown visits on stress and mood in children and adolescents in psychiatric care-Protocol for a pilot study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Exploring the usefulness of medical clowns in elevating satisfaction and reducing aggressive tendencies in pediatric and adult hospital wards.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Saving Costs for Hospitals Through Medical Clowning: A Study of Hospital Staff Perspectives on the Impact of the Medical Clown.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2020Article
- Systematic review protocol examining the effectiveness of hospital clowns for symptom cluster management in paediatrics.BMJ open · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was designed to correlate entertainment of clown-doctors (CD) activities on hospitalized children and aphysiological bio-marker. For this purpose we collected saliva samples and verified children satisfaction with these activities by using a visual analog scale (VAS). Children from 6 to 7 years-old, with diagnosis of any acute pathology, interned in the Pediatric Ward of the Botucatu Medical School Hospital (São Paulo, Brazil) were interviewed. Two groups were taken into consideration: lunchCD and dinnerCD. The following protocol was applied in each group (lunch and dinner): collection of the first saliva sample and presentation of VAS prior to CD activities, followed by collection of a second saliva sample and another VAS assessment after CD activities. The salivary cortisol was reduced in both groups comparing the first saliva sample. The satisfaction of the intervention was evident for lunchCD. The CD intervention is effective in decreasing an important physiological biomarker of stress factor, cortisol, in hospitalized children, been effective for the healing process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.