Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Musical intervention enhances infants' neural processing of temporal structure in music and speech.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Magnetoencephalography and the infant brain.NeuroImage · 2019Pooled it
- Improved Auditory Function Caused by Music Versus Foreign Language Training at School Age: Is There a Difference?Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2021Trial
- How auditory rhythm perception shapes speech production: The influence of neural synchronization and rhythmic patterns.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Music and speech input in the home environments of Latinx infants.Infant behavior & development · 2026Article
- Time-efficient Methodology for Robustly Assessing Speech-related Mismatch Responses in Adults and Infants.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Rhythm Processing Across Development: Origins, Links to Language Processing, and Perspectives for Intervention.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- Neural Discrimination of Temporal Patterns-Associations to Dyslexia Risk, Language Abilities, and Music Activities.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- The landscape of musical care during the beginning of life in the United Kingdom: a mixed-methods survey study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Temporal Structure of Music Improves the Cortical Encoding of Speech.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Language development deficits and early interactive music intervention (BusyBaby): protocol description of a double-blind randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of music on language development in infancy.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Music medicine and music therapy in neonatal care: a scoping review of passive music listening research applications and findings on infant development and medical practice.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Comparison of speech and music input in North American infants' home environment over the first 2 years of life.Developmental science · 2024Article
- The human auditory system uses amplitude modulation to distinguish music from speech.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Reflections on the past two decades of Mind, Brain, and Education.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2024Article
- Experience-dependent effects of passive auditory exposure in infants impact theta phase synchrony and predict later language.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Universality, domain-specificity, and development of psychological responses to music.Nature reviews psychology · 2023Article
- Treatments and regulatory mechanisms of acoustic stimuli on mood disorders and neurological diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Intergenerational longitudinal associations between parental reading/musical traits, infants' auditory processing, and later phonological awareness skills.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Reduced Theta Sampling in Infants at Risk for Dyslexia across the Sensitive Period of Native Phoneme Learning.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Early temperament as a predictor of language skills at 40 months.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individuals with music training in early childhood show enhanced processing of musical sounds, an effect that generalizes to speech processing. However, the conclusions drawn from previous studies are limited due to the possible confounds of predisposition and other factors affecting musicians and nonmusicians. We used a randomized design to test the effects of a laboratory-controlled music intervention on young infants' neural processing of music and speech. Nine-month-old infants were randomly assigned to music (intervention) or play (control) activities for 12 sessions. The intervention targeted temporal structure learning using triple meter in music (e.g., waltz), which is difficult for infants, and it incorporated key characteristics of typical infant music classes to maximize learning (e.g., multimodal, social, and repetitive experiences). Controls had similar multimodal, social, repetitive play, but without music. Upon completion, infants' neural processing of temporal structure was tested in both music (tones in triple meter) and speech (foreign syllable structure). Infants' neural processing was quantified by the mismatch response (MMR) measured with a traditional oddball paradigm using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The intervention group exhibited significantly larger MMRs in response to music temporal structure violations in both auditory and prefrontal cortical regions. Identical results were obtained for temporal structure changes in speech. The intervention thus enhanced temporal structure processing not only in music, but also in speech, at 9 mo of age. We argue that the intervention enhanced infants' ability to extract temporal structure information and to predict future events in time, a skill affecting both music and speech processing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.