Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27114082›Full record

ArticlePediatric neurology2016

Pediatric Cerebral Palsy in Botswana: Etiology, Outcomes, and Comorbidities.

David R Bearden, Baphaleng Monokwane, Esha Khurana, James Baier, Esther Baranov, Kate Westmoreland, Loeto Mazhani, Andrew P Steenhoff

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05113433 (Effects of Different Time Period of Standing Frame on Spasticity and Gait in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy.), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05113433 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Different Time Period of Standing Frame on Spasticity and Gait in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

TypeinterventionalSponsorShifa Tameer-e-Millat UniversityRan2021 to 2021Enrolled60ConditionsSpastic Cerebral Palsy, Spastic GaitArmsconventional physical therapy, standing frame.
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  17. Exploring the association of predisposing factors of Cerebral Palsy and developmental defects of enamel: a case-control study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

David R BeardenDivision of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Botswana-UPenn Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. Electronic address: bearden@email.chop.edu.
Baphaleng MonokwaneDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Esha KhuranaPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
James BaierPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Esther BaranovDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Kate WestmorelandBotswana-UPenn Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Loeto MazhaniDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Andrew P SteenhoffBotswana-UPenn Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · USUniversity of Botswana · BWUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

Virus & Reservoirs CoreP30AI045008 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ROBERT GROSS · 1999 to 2026
$78.6M
Neurologic Clinical Epidemiology Training ProgramT32NS061779 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Andrea Lauren Christman Schneider, Allison Willis · 2008 to 2026
$4.6M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI045008NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS061779
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCerebral palsy is the most common cause of motor dysfunction in children worldwide and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. Although cerebral palsy has been studied extensively in high-resource settings, there are few published studies on cerebral palsy etiology, outcomes and comorbidities in low-resource settings.

methodsChildren with cerebral palsy were prospectively enrolled from inpatient and outpatient settings at a referral center in Gaborone, Botswana, in a cross-sectional study conducted from 2013 to 2014. Cerebral palsy etiology, outcomes, and comorbidities were determined through caregiver interviews, review of medical records, and direct physical examination.

resultsSixty-eight children with cerebral palsy were enrolled. Subjects were 41% male, with a median age of 4 years (interquartile range = 2 to 7). The most common etiologies for cerebral palsy in our cohort were intrapartum hypoxic events (18%), postnatal infections (15%), prematurity (15%), focal ischemic strokes (10%), and prenatal infections (10%). Severe motor impairment was common, with the most severe category present in 41%. The predominant comorbidities were cognitive impairment (84%), epilepsy (77%), and visual impairment (46%).

conclusionsCerebral palsy in Botswana has different etiologies and is associated with poorer outcomes and higher prevalence of comorbidities than what has been reported in high-resource settings. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal preventative and treatment strategies in this population.

Indexed as

BotswanaCerebral PalsyChildChild, PreschoolComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsAfricacerebral palsyInternational Child Healthneurologic disorders

Identifiers

PMID27114082
PMCPMC4912921
OpenAlexW2302195791

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.