ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Insecticide resistance status of the Anopheles funestus population in Central African Republic: a challenge in the war.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated surveys of Rift Valley fever, yellow fever and dengue in Lobaye, Central African Republic.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Genomic signatures of selection inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microsatellite analysis of genetic differentiation among populations of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across mainland Tanzania reveals contrasted patterns of geographic isolation and gene flow.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Omics Approaches in Understanding Insecticide Resistance in Mosquito Vectors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Two highly selected mutations in the tandemly duplicated CYP6P4a and CYP6P4b genes drive pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus in West Africa.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Entomological survey of sibling species in the Anopheles funestus group in Tanzania confirms the role of Anopheles parensis as a secondary malaria vector.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Malaria research in the Central African Republic from 1987 to 2020: an overview.Tropical medicine and health · 2022Review
- Diurnal biting of malaria mosquitoes in the Central African Republic indicates residual transmission may be "out of control".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Knockdown resistance (kdr) gene of Aedes aegypti in Malaysia with the discovery of a novel regional specific point mutation A1007G.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate.Malaria journal · 2021Review
- Towards understanding transfluthrin efficacy in a pyrethroid-resistant strain of the malaria vectorCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Article
- Multiple insecticide resistance target sites in adult field strains of An. gambiae (s.l.) from southeastern Senegal.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide and emamectin benzoate on enzymatic activities in resistant populations of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Exploring insecticide resistance mechanisms in three major malaria vectors from Bangui in Central African Republic.Pathogens and global health · 2018Article
- Putting evolution in elimination: Winning our ongoing battle with evolving malaria mosquitoes and parasites.Evolutionary applications · 2018Review
- Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb inBioMed research international · 2018Article
- Quantifying the intensity of permethrin insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes in western Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.), An. funestus and An. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of Madagascar.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Evidence of multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae populations in Bangui, Central African Republic.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- A bibliometric analysis of literature on malaria vector resistance: (1996 - 2015).Globalization and health · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the Central African Republic, malaria is a major public health problem and the leading cause of death among children. This disease appears to be hyperendemic but no substantial entomological data, including data on Anopheles spp. susceptibility to insecticides, is available. This study evaluates, for the first time in the CAR, the status of insecticide resistance in the Anopheles funestus population, the second major vector of malaria in Africa.
methodsWHO standard bioassay susceptibility tests were performed on the An. funestus population using F1 generation from gravid females mosquitoes (F0) collected by manual aspirator sampling of households in Gbanikola, Bangui in October 2014 to assess: (i) An. funestus susceptibility to bendiocarb, malathion, permethrin, lamda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and DDT, and (ii) the effect of pre-exposure to the piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist on insecticide susceptibility. Additional tests were conducted to investigate metabolic resistance status (cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, and esterases).
resultsA high phenotypic resistance of An. funestus population to malathion, DDT and pyrethroids was observed with a mortality rate ranging from 23 to 74%. For the pyrethroid groups, the mortality rate was 35, 31 and 23% for lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin, respectively. In contrast a 100% mortality rate to bendiocarb was recorded. Knockdown time (KDT) was long for all pyrethroids, DDT and malathion with KDT50 higher than 50 min. Pre-exposure of An. funestus to PBO synergist significantly restored susceptibility to all pyrethroids (Fisher's exact test P <0.0001) but not in DDT (Fisher's exact test P = 0.724). Data from biochemical tests suggest the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, esterases and glutatione S-transferases in the resistance of An. funestus population from Gbanikola (Wilcoxon test P <0.05).
conclusionEvidence of biochemical resistance to insecticide was detected in An. funestus population from the district of Gbanikola, Bangui. This study suggests that detoxifying enzymes are involved in insecticide resistance of An. funestus. However, despite disruptive violence, further research is urgently needed to assess the insecticide susceptibility status of An. funestus population in all CAR regions; insecticide resistance could rapidly compromise the success of malaria control programs.
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