ReviewThe Journal of endocrinology2016
Plasma steroid-binding proteins: primary gatekeepers of steroid hormone action.
Review in The Journal of endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 327 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association of CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and SHBG Gene Polymorphisms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Analysis of 1508 Plasma Samples by Capillary-Flow Data-Independent Acquisition Profiles Proteomics of Weight Loss and Maintenance.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2019Trial
- Practical Review of Role and Usage of Corticosteroids in Modern Neuro-Oncology Care.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2026Review
- Metabolic homeostasis and women's reproductive health.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Polymorphic Variant Associated with Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Level Is a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-specific mechanisms of childhood trauma-related HPA axis dysregulation: Insights across four regulatory probes.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- The Sex-Stratified Effects of RSPO3 Expression on Body Fat and Blood Lipids: An Omics Mendelian Randomization Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Salivary estradiol and progesterone across the menstrual cycle: Association and agreement with serum concentrations.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Mapping Steroidogenic Perturbations Under Endocrine Disruptor Mixtures Across Demographic Subgroups: Structural and Metabolomic Insights.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals molecular regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis underlying egg production in indigenous chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of FASP for Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Urine Samples.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Prevents Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Corticosterone as a Physiological Biomarker: Decoding the Environment-Cort-Energy Paradigm.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Binding of Steroid Hormones to the FA1 and FA6 Sites of Human Serum Albumin through Computational Biology and Quantum Biochemistry.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Testosterone, cortisol, and fNIRS-based cortical activation associated with competitive task persistence and difficulty.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Pregnane X Receptor Regulates Human Endocrine System by Inducing Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Expression.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in clinical and metabolic outcomes of glucocorticoid replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency.Pituitary · 2026Review
- An Overview of the Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Nutrient Metabolism: An Integrative Perspective.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The testobolome in microbial testosterone metabolism and human health.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biologically active steroids are transported in the blood by albumin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). These plasma proteins also regulate the non-protein-bound or 'free' fractions of circulating steroid hormones that are considered to be biologically active; as such, they can be viewed as the 'primary gatekeepers of steroid action'. Albumin binds steroids with limited specificity and low affinity, but its high concentration in blood buffers major fluctuations in steroid concentrations and their free fractions. By contrast, SHBG and CBG play much more dynamic roles in controlling steroid access to target tissues and cells. They bind steroids with high (~nM) affinity and specificity, with SHBG binding androgens and estrogens and CBG binding glucocorticoids and progesterone. Both are glycoproteins that are structurally unrelated, and they function in different ways that extend beyond their transportation or buffering functions in the blood. Plasma SHBG and CBG production by the liver varies during development and different physiological or pathophysiological conditions, and abnormalities in the plasma levels of SHBG and CBG or their abilities to bind steroids are associated with a variety of pathologies. Understanding how the unique structures of SHBG and CBG determine their specialized functions, how changes in their plasma levels are controlled, and how they function outside the blood circulation provides insight into how they control the freedom of steroids to act in health and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.