ArticleTobacco control2016
Early symptoms of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe smokers.
Article in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Testing the Effects of Hookah Tobacco Social Media Risk Communication Messages Among Young Adults.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2021Trial
- Tailored Mobile Messaging Intervention for Waterpipe Tobacco Cessation in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial.American journal of public health · 2021Trial
- Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Moroccan Arabic version of the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Racially-motivated discrimination distress and tobacco use outcomes among adolescents in the United States.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Factors contributing to the rising prevalence of waterpipe smoking dependence among university students: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Psychometric evaluation of a new instrument to hookah tobacco smoking-related factors in the Iranian female university students based on the Extended Parallel Process Model.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in young adults from Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina.Heliyon · 2023Article
- "Waterpipe Is Like a Wife": Qualitative Assessment of Perspectives on Waterpipe Smoking Dependence.Addiction & health · 2022Article
- Nicotine Dependence from Different E-Cigarette Devices and Combustible Cigarettes among US Adolescent and Young Adult Users.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Biomarkers of nicotine exposure correlate with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist among adolescents in California, United States.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Latent class analysis of initial nicotine dependence among adult waterpipe smokers.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2021Article
- A Group-Based Modeling Approach to Identify Developmental Trajectories of Nicotine Dependence Among Lebanese Adolescents Waterpipe Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) validation in a sample of Lebanese adolescents.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Psychophysiological responses to hookah tobacco public education messages among young adults.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2021Article
- Initial development of the Hookah Smoker Scale: Assessing young adults' mental schemas about hookah "smokers".Translational behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Natural Course of Nicotine Dependence Among Adolescent Waterpipe and Cigarette Smokers.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2020Article
- Predictors of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe and cigarette smokers: A 6-year longitudinal analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Development and Pretesting of Hookah Tobacco Public Education Messages for Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Nicotine Dependence and Loss of Autonomy among Greek Adolescent Smokers: A Countrywide Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale in a Sample of Iranian Waterpipe Smokers.Addiction & health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough waterpipe smoking is increasingly popular among youth and can lead to nicotine dependence (ND), no studies have documented how ND develops in waterpipe smokers. We examined the emerging symptoms of ND among adolescent waterpipe smokers in Lebanon.
methodsIndividual confidential interviews were used to evaluate ND in 160 waterpipe smokers and 24 cigarette smokers from a sample of 498 students enrolled in 8th and 9th grades in Lebanon.
resultsAmong waterpipe smokers, 71.3% endorsed at least one Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) symptom and 38.1% developed the full syndrome of ND (≥3 criteria using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision). The early symptoms of ND among waterpipe smokers were craving (25%), feeling addicted (22.5%), and failed quit attempts (14.3%). Among those who reached the respective milestones, median tobacco use when the first HONC symptom emerged was 7.5 waterpipes/month with smoking frequency of 6 days/month; the median tobacco use for the full syndrome of ND was 15 waterpipes/month with smoking frequency of 15 days/month. Among those who had already reached these milestones, the first HONC symptom appeared 10.9 months after the initiation of waterpipe smoking, and the full syndrome of ND was reached at 13.9 months. In addition, cues such as seeing or smelling waterpipe, and the café environment triggered craving in most waterpipe smokers with symptoms of ND.
conclusionsSymptoms of ND develop among adolescent waterpipe smokers at low levels of consumption and frequency of use. Craving for nicotine triggered by waterpipe-specific cues is reported even at this young age. Waterpipe-specific ND prevention and intervention programmes for youth are needed.
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