ArticleJournal of neurology2016
Botulinum toxin treatment failures in cervical dystonia: causes, management, and outcomes.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- Personalized botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia based on kinematic guidance.Journal of neurology · 2018Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of a Tailored Dosing Strategy with High-Dose IncobotulinumtoxinA at Flexible Injection Intervals for Cervical Dystonia: An Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Single-Arm Study in Japan.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Factors influencing botulinum toxin response in cervical dystonia: a two-center GAS-based study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Observational
- A 10-year service evaluation of a Cervical Dystonia Botulinum Toxin A Clinic: factors associated with patient-reported outcomes.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Dystonia: pathophysiology and the role of acupuncture in treatment.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2025Review
- Exploring Nonresponse to Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetics: Narrative Review of Key Trigger Factors and Effective Management Strategies.JMIR dermatology · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Lessons about Botulinum Toxin A Therapy from Cervical Dystonia Patients Drawing the Course of Disease: A Pilot Study.Toxins · 2023Article
- Article
- Conversion to AbobotulinumtoxinA Increases Waning Time and Efficacy for Cervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Deep learning for the rapid automatic segmentation of forearm muscle boundaries from ultrasound datasets.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- The complex relationship between antibody titers and clinical outcome in botulinum toxin type A long-term treated patients with cervical dystonia.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Article
- Dynamic muscle paralytic effects of a novel botulinum toxin A free of neurotoxin-associated proteins.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Article
- Article
- Anatomo-sonographic identification of the longissimus capitis and splenius cervicis muscles: principles for possible application to ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is highly effective in the treatment of cervical dystonia (CD), yet a significant proportion of patients report low levels of satisfaction following treatment and fail to follow up for repeated treatments. The goal of this study was to determine the reasons that some patients have unsatisfactory responses. A total of 35 subjects who came to our center requesting alternative treatments due to unsatisfactory responses following BoNT treatment for CD were evaluated. Included were 26 women and 9 men with an average age of 57.1 years (range 25-82 years), and an average duration of illness of 12.5 years (range 1-55 years). Details of unsatisfactory BoNT treatments were methodically collected by a movement specialist using a standardized intake form, including provider subspecialty, product used, the number of satisfactory or unsatisfactory trials, doses given, specific muscles treated, the use of electromyographic guidance, side effects, and tests of resistance. The specialist then provided repeat treatments if indicated, and followed each case until the reasons for unsatisfactory outcomes could be determined. Multiple reasons for unsatisfactory outcomes were found. They included suboptimal BoNT doses, suboptimal muscle targeting, intolerable side effects, complex movement patterns, discordant perceptions, and incorrect diagnoses. Only one patient was functionally resistant to BoNT. Of 32 subjects who received repeat BoNT treatments, 25 (78 %) achieved satisfactory responses after revision of the original treatment plan. These results indicate that the majority of unsatisfactory responses to BoNT treatment of CD were caused by correctible factors and imply a need for improved education regarding optimal treatment methods.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.