ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2016
Insula Demonstrates a Non-Linear Response to Varying Demand for Cognitive Control and Weaker Resting Connectivity With the Executive Control Network in Smokers.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Applied to the Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortices in Smokers Modifies Cognitive Circuits Implicated in the Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2020Trial
- Functional network connectivity predicts treatment outcome during treatment of nicotine use disorder.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2017Trial
- Network localization of gray matter alterations in chronic smokers using the normative functional connectome.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Theory-based strategies to enhance interventions for smoking: Relevance to a digital intervention.Behaviour research and therapy · 2025Review
- Longitudinal brain connectivity changes associated with successful smoking cessation.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces smoking cravings by decreasing cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Testing the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the insular cortex to modulate decision-making and executive control.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Not all smokers are alike: the hidden cost of sustained attention during nicotine abstinence.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Gray matter volumes of the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and their dysfunctional roles in cigarette smoking.Addiction neuroscience · 2022Article
- Adolescent nicotine administration increases nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and functional connectivity in specific cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Better living through understanding the insula: Why subregions can make all the difference.Neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Treating cocaine and opioid use disorder with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A path forward.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Review
- Time-Varying Functional Connectivity Decreases as a Function of Acute Nicotine Abstinence.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2021Article
- Nicotine dependence (trait) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state) modulate attention but not inhibitory control: converging fMRI evidence from Go-Nogo and Flanker tasks.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Article
- The Insular Subregions Topological Characteristics of Patients With Bipolar Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Intrinsic Insular-Frontal Networks Predict Future Nicotine Dependence Severity.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in substance use disorders and treatment implications.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2019Review
- Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation as a Treatment for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Deficits in cognitive control processes are a primary characteristic of nicotine addiction. However, while network-based connectivity measures of dysfunction have frequently been observed, empirical evidence of task-based dysfunction in these processes has been inconsistent. Here, in a sample of smokers (n=35) and non-smokers (n=21), a previously validated parametric flanker task is employed to characterize addiction-related alterations in responses to varying (ie, high, intermediate, and low) demands for cognitive control. This approach yields a demand-response curve that aims to characterize potential non-linear responses to increased demand for control, including insensitivities or lags in fully activating the cognitive control network. We further used task-based differences in activation between groups as seeds for resting-state analysis of network dysfunction in an effort to more closely link prior inconsistencies in task-related activation with evidence of impaired network connectivity in smokers. For both smokers and non-smokers, neuroimaging results showed similar increases in activation in brain areas associated with cognitive control. However, reduced activation in right insula was seen only in smokers and only when processing intermediate demand for cognitive control. Further, in smokers, this task-modulated right insula showed weaker functional connectivity with the superior frontal gyrus, a component of the task-positive executive control network. These results demonstrate that the neural instantiation of salience attribution in smokers is both more effortful to fully activate and has more difficulty communicating with the exogenous, task-positive, executive control network. Together, these findings further articulate the cognitive control dysfunction associated with smoking and illustrate a specific brain circuit potentially responsible.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.