ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Diabetes, Triglyceride Levels, and Other Risk Factors for Glaucoma in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel ancestry-specific primary open-angle glaucoma loci and shared biology with vascular mechanisms and cell proliferation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Plasma lipid levels and risk of primary open angle glaucoma: a genetic study using Mendelian randomization.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Pooled it
- Triglycerides and Open Angle Glaucoma - A Meta-analysis with meta-regression.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of obesity or overweight on the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Survey of eye patients' serum for biomarkers of primary open angle glaucoma in Gwagwalada, Nigeria: serum biomarkers for primary open angle glaucoma.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Association of stage of diabetic retinopathy on intraocular pressure.Digital journal of ophthalmology : DJO · 2025Article
- Research progress of Mendelian randomization analysis for glaucoma etiology.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Relationship Between Glaucoma and Chronic Stress Quantified by Allostatic Load Score in the All of Us Research Program.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the outcome of screening for glaucoma using colour fundus photography-based referral criteria in a teleophthalmology screening programme for diabetic retinopathy.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2024Review
- Social determinants of health and health disparities in glaucoma: A review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Impact of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin use on progression to glaucoma surgery in primary open angle glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2024Observational
- The association between perceived cause of glaucoma and illness perceptions.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Identification of the novel role of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) in mechanotransduction and intraocular pressure regulation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- Differences in Factors Associated With Glaucoma Progression With Lower Normal Intraocular Pressure in Superior and Inferior Halves of the Optic Nerve Head.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Visual impairment and major eye diseases in stroke: a national cross-sectional study.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Metabolites · 2023Article
- The Association between Cholesterol Levels and Severity of Normal Tension Glaucoma.Molecular vision · 2023Article
- Cholesterol and oxysterols in retinal neuron-glia interactions: relevance for glaucoma.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Impacts of medical and non-medical cannabis on the health of older adults: Findings from a scoping review of the literature.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine risk factors for glaucoma in a population-based study in the United States.
methodsParticipants age 40 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent questionnaires, physical examination, laboratory tests, and vision tests including fundus imaging. Glaucoma was determined based on expert grading of fundus photographs. Regression modeling of glaucoma risk factors was performed.
resultsParticipants with glaucoma (172) were older (mean age 68.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 65.6-70.7] vs. 56.4 years [95% CI 55.6-57.2, P < 0.001]), likely to have less than high school education (25.1% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.05), to have diabetes (23.1% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001), to have central obesity (72.5% vs. 60.7%, P = 0.01), to have systolic hypertension (30.3% vs. 20.1%, P = 0.01), to have diastolic hypotension (30.3% vs. 13.9%, P < 0.001), and to be nonsmokers (91.0% vs. 79.3%, P = 0.002). Sex, poverty, access to health care, fasting glucose, insulin dependence, body mass index, cholesterol levels, diastolic hypertension, systolic hypotension, obstructive sleep apnea, and marijuana were not associated with glaucoma. Multivariable modeling showed associations between glaucoma and older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.09 per year, 95% CI 1.04-1.14), black race (OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.71-11.30), and poverty (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.73-6.66). Diabetes was no longer associated with glaucoma after adjustment for triglyceride levels. Sex, education, insurance status, body mass index, blood pressure, obstructive sleep apnea, and smoking were not associated with glaucoma.
conclusionsPeople who are older, of black race, and with lower income levels have a higher prevalence of glaucoma. A novel association between diabetes, triglyceride levels, and glaucoma is also identified.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.