ArticleArchives of gerontology and geriatrics
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and Apolipoprotein E: Associations with eventual Alzheimer's disease development.
Article in Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apathy as a Risky Neuropsychiatric Syndrome of Progression From Normal Aging to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Combining modifiable risk factors and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Association of Apathy With Risk of Incident Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Dynamic trajectories of neuropsychiatric symptoms predict Alzheimer's disease risk and clinical phenotypes.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clinical Associations and Possible Risk Factors for Affective Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Virtual Life Story Club Intervention to Improve Loneliness and Apathy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Targeting ApoE-KCC2 Signaling Rescues GABAergic Synaptic Dysfunction and Depression-like Behaviors in Mice.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Moderating effect of APOE ε4 on the association of sleep disturbance and amyloid-β pathology among cognitively normal older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Psychotic Symptoms in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2023Review
- APOE ε4 influences within and between network functional connectivity in posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Sleep and substance use: Practice considerations for social workers.Journal of social work practice in the addictions · 2023Article
- Heterogeneity in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Progression Rates: Implications for Therapeutic Trials.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Neuropsychiatric profiles and conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment, a latent class analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Frailty: Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele Is Associated with Fatigue but Not Frailty Syndrome in a Community-Dwelling Older Population Cohort.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2021Article
- Sleep Time Estimated by an Actigraphy Watch Correlates With CSF Tau in Cognitively Unimpaired Elders: The Modulatory Role of APOE.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Apathy and risk of probable incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults.Neurology · 2020Article
- Interaction of neuropsychiatric symptoms with APOE ε4 and conversion to dementia in MCI patients in a Memory Clinic.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Agitation and impulsivity in mid and late life as possible risk markers for incident dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2020Review
- Factors influencing attrition in 35 Alzheimer's Disease Centers across the USA: a longitudinal examination of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2019Article
- Treatment of Sleep Disturbance May Reduce the Risk of Future Probable Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of aging and health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the result of neurodegeneration, which manifests clinically as deficits in memory, thinking, and behavior. It was hypothesized that neuropsychiatric symptoms and the apolipoprotein E genotype increase the likelihood of Alzheimer's disease development.
methodsUtilizing data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, information from evaluations of 11,453 cognitively intact participants was analyzed. Survival analysis was used to explore relationships between individual neuropsychiatric symptoms as determined by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, apolipoprotein E, and eventual AD diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to explore the main effects and synergistic (additive and multiplicative) interactions.
resultsThis study provided evidence for an increased hazard of developing AD among participants with any of the symptoms assessed by the NPI-Q. The hazard of developing AD was almost thirteen times higher for ε4 carriers with delusions and eleven times greater for those with apathy and disinhibition. Statistically significant hazards (p>0.001) were also realized by ε4 carriers with hallucinations; agitation; depression; anxiety; elation; apathy; irritability; and motor, sleep, and appetite disturbances.
conclusionsFindings suggest that neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with eventual AD diagnosis among a group of cognitively asymptomatic participants at baseline. Many studies begin with a group of participants already impacted by AD diagnosis. The longitudinal analysis of a group of participants who, at baseline, demonstrated no observable signs of AD was a strength of this study. This investigation contributes to the literature exploring an increased hazard of AD due to potential modifiable risk factors and genetic biomarkers such as apolipoprotein E.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.