Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27108664›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of neuroscience2016

Effects of intraplantar botulinum toxin-B on carrageenan-induced changes in nociception and spinal phosphorylation of GluA1 and Akt.

Shafaq Sikandar, Ynette Gustavsson, Marc J Marino, Anthony H Dickenson, Tony L Yaksh, Linda S Sorkin, Roshni Ramachandran

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Shafaq SikandarWolfson Inst for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
Ynette GustavssonPharmacy Program, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Marc J MarinoDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Anthony H DickensonDepartment of Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
Tony L YakshDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Linda S SorkinDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Roshni RamachandranDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
University of California, San Diego · USUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Gothenburg · SE

Funding

The Pharmacology of Spinal AnalgesicsR01DA002110 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI YAKSH, TONY L. · 1985 to 2014
$3.8M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA002110
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) delivered into the skin and muscle in certain human and animal pain states may exert antinociceptive efficacy though their uptake and transport to central afferent terminals. Cleavage of soluble N-methylaleimide-sensitive attachment protein receptor by BoNTs can impede vesicular mediated neurotransmitter release as well as transport/insertion of channel/receptor subunits into plasma membranes, an effect that can reduce activity-evoked facilitation. Here, we explored the effects of intraplantar botulinum toxin- B (BoNT-B) on peripheral inflammation and spinal nociceptive processing in an inflammatory model of pain. C57BL/6 mice (male) received unilateral intraplantar BoNT (1 U, 30 μL) or saline prior to intraplantar carrageenan (20 μL, 2%) or intrathecal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), substance P or saline (5 μL). Intraplantar carrageenan resulted in edema and mechanical allodynia in the injected paw and increased phosphorylation of a glutamate subunit (pGluA1ser845) and a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (pAktser473) in spinal dorsal horn along with an increased incidence of spinal c-Fos positive cells. Pre-treatment with intraplantar BoNT-B reduced carrageenan evoked: (i) allodynia, but not edema; (ii) pGluA1 and pAkt and (iii) c-Fos expression. Further, intrathecal NMDA and substance P each increased dorsal horn levels of pGluA1 and pAkt. Intraplantar BoNT-B inhibited NMDA, but not substance P evoked phosphorylation of GluA1 and Akt. These results suggest that intraplantar toxin is transported centrally to block spinal activation and prevent phosphorylation of a glutamate receptor subunit and a kinase, which otherwise contribute to facilitated states.

Indexed as

NociceptionProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalAnalgesicsAnimalsBotulinum Toxins, Type ACarrageenanHyperalgesiaMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLN-MethylaspartatePhosphorylationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosReceptors, AMPASpinal Cord Dorsal HornAnalgesicsBotulinum Toxins, Type ACarrageenanN-MethylaspartateProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosReceptors, AMPArimabotulinumtoxinBSubstance Pbotulinum toxincarrageenandorsal root ganglionspinal sensory processingvesicle-associated membrane protein

Identifiers

PMID27108664
PMCPMC4931962
OpenAlexW2342994358

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.