ReviewEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2016
The role of Clostridium difficile in the paediatric and neonatal gut - a narrative review.
Review in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global burden ofJournal of global health · 2019Pooled it
- Early-life colonization withScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- pH-Dependent Effects of Short-chain Carboxylic Acids and Buffer Systems On Clostridioides difficile in Vitro and in Vivo.Microbial ecology · 2026Article
- A temporal-aware machine learning framework enables microbial community dynamics prediction with personalized precision.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Current state of microbiota clinical applications in neonatal and pediatric bacterial infections.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Toxin genotypes, antibiotic resistance and their correlations in Clostridioides difficile isolated from hospitals in Xi'an, China.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Analysis of risk factors for community-acquiredTranslational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Sequelae of Asymptomatic Clostridioides difficile Colonization in Children with Cystic Fibrosis.Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · 2023Article
- Early-life differences in the gut microbiota composition and functionality of infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota Composition Associated withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Fiber Composition in Sows' Diets Modifies Clostridioides difficile Colonization in Their Offspring.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Detection of Clostridioides difficile toxin B gene: benefits of identifying gastrointestinal pathogens by mPCR assay in the diagnosis of diarrhea in pediatric patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Current and future applications of fecal microbiota transplantation for children.Biomedical journal · 2022Review
- Difference in Vitamin D Levels Between Children withPediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2021Article
- Gut Dysbiosis andFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Updated Management Guidelines forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Community acquiredJournal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- Nanopore metagenomics enables rapid clinical diagnosis of bacterial lower respiratory infection.Nature biotechnology · 2019Article
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in the Stem Cell Transplant and Hematologic Malignancy Population.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen in adults. Its significance in children is less well defined, but cases of C. difficile infection (CDI) appear to be increasingly prevalent in paediatric patients. This review aims to summarize reported Clostridium difficile carriage rates across children of different age groups, appraise the relationship between CDI and factors such as method of delivery, type of infant feed, antibiotic use, and co-morbidities, and review factors affecting the gut microbiome in children and the host immune response to C. difficile. Searches of PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms 'Clostridium difficile neonates' and 'Clostridium difficile children' were completed, and reference lists of retrieved publications screened for further papers. In total, 88 papers containing relevant data were included. There was large inter-study variation in reported C. difficile carriage rates. There was an association between CDI and recent antibiotic use, and co-morbidities such as immunosuppression and inflammatory bowel disease. C. difficile was also found in stools of children with diarrhoea attributed to other pathogens (e.g. rotavirus). The role of C. difficile in the paediatric gut remains unclear; is it an innocent bystander in diarrhoeal disease caused by other organisms, or a pathogen causing subclinical to severe symptoms? Further investigation of the development of serological and local host response to C. difficile carriage may shed new light on disease mechanisms. Work is underway on defining a framework for diagnosis and management of paediatric CDI.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.