ArticleChild's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery2016
International Infant Hydrocephalus Study: initial results of a prospective, multicenter comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and shunt for infant hydrocephalus.
Article in Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00652470 (International Infant Hydrocephalus Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
International Infant Hydrocephalus Study: A Multicentre, Prospective Study
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endoscopic treatment methods of suprasellar arachnoid cysts in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Outcomes of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in the treatment of paediatric hydrocephalus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Pooled it
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy versus ventriculoperitoneal shunt in pediatric and adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2021Pooled it
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy versus shunt for pediatric hydrocephalus: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2019Pooled it
- International Infant Hydrocephalus Study (IIHS): 5-year health outcome results of a prospective, multicenter comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and shunt for infant hydrocephalus.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2018Trial
- Outcome of treatment after failed endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in infants with aqueductal stenosis: results from the International Infant Hydrocephalus Study (IIHS).Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2017Trial
- Outcomes of delayed CSF diversion protocol in Infants with lumbosacral myelomeningocele: impact of timing of presentation on hydrocephalus development and postoperative complications.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- [A novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of complex hydrocephalus in children: A staged surgical management protocol].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Morphometric changes after endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a pediatric-adult comparison.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Comparison of postoperative outcomes following endoscopic third ventriculostomy or shunt in a propensity score matched pediatric cohort.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Hydrocephalus in prematurity: does valve choice make a difference?Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Prenatal dispositions and genetic analysis of monozygotic female twins with suprasellar cysts and hydrocephalus: A case report.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for paediatric hydrocephalus due to primary aqueductal stenosis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a feasible treatment option for pediatric hydrocephalus in a high-risk cohort - a single-center report.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2022Article
- The role of the Liliequist membrane in the third ventriculostomy.Neurosurgical review · 2021Article
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus in a patient with achondroplasia: a case report and literature review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Review
- Integrated understanding of hydrocephalus - a practical approach for a complex disease.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Review
- Neuroendoscopic surgery in neonates - indication and results over a 10-year practice.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Article
- External validation of the ETV success score in 313 pediatric patients: a Brazilian single-center study.Neurosurgical review · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe IIHS is an international, prospective, multicenter study to compare endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and shunt in infants (<24 months old) with symptomatic triventricular hydrocephalus from aqueductal stensosis. Recruitment started in 2004, and here, we present the first results of IIHS.
methodsIIHS utilized a prospective comprehensive cohort design, which contained both a randomized and a non-randomized arm. Patients received either an ETV or shunt, based on randomization or parental preference. Patients were followed prospectively for time to treatment failure, defined as the need for repeat CSF diversion procedure (shunt or ETV) or death due to hydrocephalus. Survival analysis was used to compare time to failure for ETV versus shunt. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00652470).
resultsA total of 158 patients met eligibility criteria (median age at surgery 3.6 months, IQR 1.6-6.6 months) across 27 centers in 4 continents. Since only 52 patients (32.9 %) were randomized, all 158 patients were analyzed together (115 ETV, 43 shunt). Actuarial success rates for ETV vs shunt at 3, 6, and 12 months were as follows: 68 vs 95 %, 66 vs 88 %, and 66 vs 83 %. The 6-month ETV success rate of 66 % was slightly higher than would have been predicted by the ETV Success Score (57 %).The hazard ratio for time to treatment failure favored shunt over ETV (3.17, 95 % CI 1.45-6.96, p = 0.004), after adjusting for age at surgery, history of previous hemorrhage or infection, continent, and randomization status. Patients younger than 6 months of age appeared to do relatively worse with ETV than older patients.
conclusionsThe IIHS has provided the first prospective direct comparison of ETV and shunt for infant hydrocephalus. These initial results suggest that shunting has a superior success rate compared to ETV, although the success rate for both was relatively high. This patient cohort continues to be followed, and we will await the results of the important primary outcome of health status at 5 years of age.
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