Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Cessation of alcohol consumption decreases rate of nicotine metabolism in male alcohol-dependent smokers.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis of nicotine metabolism and cigarette consumption measures in smokers of European descent.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Its Association with Sociodemographic and Smoking Characteristics among People with HIV Who Smoke in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Pregnancy-Induced Increases in the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio: Examining Changes During Antepartum and Postpartum.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Nicotine metabolites generate craniofacial defects that are worsened by ethanol exposure.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Secondary cross-sectional analysis of smoking and drinking factors among older Korean men: A 13-year national survey.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking and alcohol-related liver disease.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2A6.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Factors influencing smoking cessation attempts and success in Iranian male adults: national survey data.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Decreases After Switching Off Efavirenz-Based Therapy in People With HIV Who Smoke.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Review
- The Differential Effects of Chronic Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke Exposures on Cognitive-Behavioral Dysfunction in Long Evans Rats.Journal of behavioral and brain science · 2022Article
- Effects of excessive alcohol drinking on nicotine biotransformation in rats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Exploring the Interactome of Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Human Liver Microsomes with Chemical Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Google Trends on Obesity, Smoking and Alcoholism: Global and Country-Specific Interest.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Associations between alcohol consumption and smoking variables among Latinx daily smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- A prospective study of the association between rate of nicotine metabolism and alcohol use in tobacco users in the United States.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Comprehensive Parent-Metabolite PBPK/PD Modeling Insights into Nicotine Replacement Therapy Strategies.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2020Article
- Biochemical Verification of Tobacco Use and Abstinence: 2019 Update.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- Level of Alcohol Consumption and Successful Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Enrollee Characteristics in an Intensive Tobacco Dependence Treatment Program: The Relationship of Race and Sex to Demographic Factors and Tobacco Use Patterns.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRate of nicotine metabolism is an important factor influencing cigarette smoking behavior, dependence, and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy. The current study examined the hypothesis that chronic alcohol abuse can accelerate the rate of nicotine metabolism. Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, a biomarker for rate of nicotine metabolism) and patterns of nicotine metabolites were assessed at three time points after alcohol cessation.
methodsParticipants were 22 Caucasian men randomly selected from a sample of 165 smokers entering a 7-week alcohol dependence treatment program in Poland. Data were collected at three time points: baseline (week 1, after acute alcohol detoxification), week 4, and week 7. Urine was analyzed for nicotine and metabolites and used to determine the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, a biomarker for rate of nicotine metabolism), and total nicotine equivalents (TNE, a biomarker for total daily nicotine exposure). RESULTS AND
conclusionsThere was a significant decrease in urine NMR over the 7 weeks after alcohol abstinence (F(2,42)=18.83, p<0.001), indicating a decrease in rate of nicotine metabolism. On average NMR decreased 50.0% from baseline to week 7 (9.6±1.3 vs 4.1±0.6). There was no change in urine TNE across the three sessions, indicating no change daily nicotine intake. The results support the idea that chronic alcohol abuse may increase the rate of nicotine metabolism, which then decreases over time after alcohol cessation. This information may help to inform future smoking cessation interventions in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.