SynthesisOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2016
Zolpidem use and risk of fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Benzodiazepines, Z-drugs and the risk of hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Prospective randomized controlled study on improving sleep quality and impact of zolpidem after total hip arthroplasty.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2019Trial
- Lifestyle factors, including physical activity status, associated with fragility fractures and falls: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Novel hypnotics use and hip fracture risk in middle-aged and older adults: A large, population-based cohort study in Japan.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Association between ramelteon use and risk of fragility fractures: A retrospective cohort study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Fall Outcomes in Older Adults Following Benzodiazepine/Z-Drug Discontinuation: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Academic Health System.Drugs & aging · 2024Article
- Influence of non-osteoporotic treatments in patients on active anti-osteoporotic therapy: evidence from the OSTEOMED registry.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia and effects on sleep processes, neural plasticity, and brain systems modulating stress: A narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic use for sleep disturbance in people aged over 55 years living with dementia: a series of cohort studies.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Article
- Zolpidem: Efficacy and Side Effects for Insomnia.Health psychology research · 2021Review
- Anti-fracture Efficacy of Monthly Risedronate Compared with That of Weekly Risedronate in Postmenopausal Korean Women with Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Korean journal of family medicine · 2020Article
- The importance of the circadian system & sleep for bone health.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2018Review
- Does a Consumer-Targeted Deprescribing Intervention Compromise Patient-Healthcare Provider Trust?Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs: An Updated Review of Major Adverse Outcomes Reported on in Epidemiologic Research.Drugs in R&D · 2017Review
- Comparison of predictors of hip fracture and mortality after hip fracture in community-dwellers with and without Alzheimer's disease - exposure-matched cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2016Article
- Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit.F1000Research · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledZolpidem is a representative of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Recent epidemiologic studies have reported increased fracture risk in patients taking zolpidem, but the results have been inconsistent. The present meta-analysis shows that the use of zolpidem is associated with an increased risk of fractures. PURPOSE: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between the use of zolpidem and the risk of fractures. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the association.
methodsWe identified relevant studies by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO without language restrictions (until August 2014). Methodological quality was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
resultsA total of 1,092,925 participants (129,148 fracture cases) were included from 9 studies (4 cohort, 4 case-control, and 1 case-crossover study). Overall, the use of zolpidem was associated with an increased risk of fracture (relative risk [RR] 1.92, 95 % CI 1.65-2.24; I (2) = 50.9 %). High-quality subgroups (cohort studies, high NOS score, adjusted for any confounder, or adjusted for osteoporosis) had higher RRs than the corresponding low-quality subgroups (high quality, 1.94-2.76; low quality, 1.55-1.79). Of note, the risk for hip fracture was higher than that for fracture at any site (hip fracture, RR 2.80, 95 % CI 2.19-3.58; fracture at any site, RR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.67-2.03; P < 0.001).
conclusionsThe use of zolpidem may increase the risk of fractures. Clinicians should be cautious when prescribing zolpidem for patients at high risk of fracture.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.