Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27105549›Full record

ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses

The International Dimension of the U.S. HIV Transmission Network and Onward Transmission of HIV Recently Imported into the United States.

Joel O Wertheim, Alexandra M Oster, Angela L Hernandez, Neeraja Saduvala, M Cheryl Bañez Ocfemia, H Irene Hall

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Patterns of HIV-1 Viral Load Suppression and Drug Resistance During the Dolutegravir Transition: A Population-based Longitudinal Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
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  6. Non-B variants of HIV-1 in San Francisco, California.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2021
    Article
  7. Article
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  9. HIV Molecular Epidemiology: Tool of Oppression or Empowerment?The American journal of bioethics : AJOB · 2020
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joel O Wertheim1 Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California.
Alexandra M Oster3 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Angela L Hernandez3 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
Neeraja Saduvala2 ICF International , Atlanta, Georgia .
M Cheryl Bañez Ocfemia3 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
H Irene Hall3 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .

Funding

Public Health Implications of HIV Transmission NetworksK01AI110181 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI WERTHEIM, JOEL OKRENT · 2014 to 2018
$668k
NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI110181
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The majority of HIV infections in the United States can be traced back to a single introduction in late 1960s or early 1970s. However, it remains unclear whether subsequent introductions of HIV into the United States have given rise to onward transmission. Genetic transmission networks can aid in understanding HIV transmission. We constructed a genetic distance-based transmission network using HIV-1 pol sequences reported to the U.S. National HIV Surveillance System (n = 41,539) and all publicly available non-U.S. HIV-1 pol sequences (n = 86,215). Of the 13,145 U.S. persons clustered in the network, 457 (3.5%) were genetically linked to a potential transmission partner outside the United States. For internationally connected persons residing in but born outside the United States, 61% had a connection to their country of birth or to another country that shared a language with their country of birth. Bayesian molecular clock phylogenetic analyses indicate that introduced nonsubtype B infections have resulted in onward transmission within the United States.

Indexed as

GenotypeAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolCluster AnalysisFemaleHIV-1HIV InfectionsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle Agedpol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusclusterHIVmolecular clocksurveillancetransmission network

Identifiers

PMID27105549
PMCPMC5067842

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.