ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2016
Does COPD risk vary by ethnicity? A retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Multi-Ancestry Mendelian Randomization Reveals Lipid-Associated Genetic Risk Factors for COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- Using a Taxonomy to Systematically Identify and Describe Self-Management Interventions Components in Randomized Trials for COPD.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Social determinants of health in clinical trials examining long-term oral antibiotics in COPD: a systematic review.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Article
- Cigarette Smoking Patterns Among Racial and Ethnic Groups With Chronic Lung Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Differences in Covid-19 deaths amongst cancer patients and possible mediators for this relationship.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Temporal trends, gender, and ethnoracial disparities in mortality from pulmonary emphysema: A retrospective nationwide analysis.Medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical significance of chronic bronchitis in different racial groups.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- From Invisibility to Inclusion: A Call to Action to Address COPD Disparities in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer+ Community.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Prediction and stratification of longitudinal risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across smoking behaviors.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Influence of ethnicity on adherence to nonsurgical interventions for COPD: a scoping review.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Use of the Spirometric "Fixed-Ratio" Underdiagnoses COPD in African-Americans in a Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Demographic diversity of US-based participants in GSK-sponsored interventional clinical trials.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2023Article
- Educational Interventions in Immigrants for Asthma and COPD: A Systematic Review.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Its Cardiac and Neurologic Complications Among Chinese and South Asians in Ontario: Waves 1, 2, and 3.CJC open · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and its Cardiac and Neurological Complications among Ontario Visible Minorities.The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques · 2022Article
- Lung function impairment and risk of incident heart failure: the NHLBI Pooled Cohorts Study.European heart journal · 2022Article
- Observational
- Variation in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with COPD Receiving Care in US Primary Care: Data from the Advancing the Patient EXperience (APEX) in COPD Registry.Pragmatic and observational research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLower risk of COPD has been reported in black and Asian people, raising questions of poorer recognition or reduced susceptibility. We assessed prevalence and severity of COPD in ethnic groups, controlling for smoking.
methodA retrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected primary care data in London. COPD prevalence, severity (% predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]), smoking status, and treatment were compared between ethnic groups, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, deprivation, and practice clustering.
resultsAmong 358,614 patients in 47 general practices, 47.6% were white, 20% black, and 5% Asian. Prevalence of COPD was 1.01% overall, 1.55% in whites, 0.58% in blacks, and 0.78% in Asians. COPD was less likely in blacks (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.51) and Asians (0.82; CI, 0.68-0.98) than whites. Black COPD patients were less likely to be current smokers (OR, 0.56; CI, 0.44-0.71) and more likely to be never-smokers (OR, 4.9; CI, 3.4-7.1). Treatment of patients with similar disease severity was similar irrespective of ethnic origin, except that long-acting muscarinic antagonists were prescribed less in black COPD patients (OR, 0.53; CI, 0.42-0.68). Black ethnicity was a predictor of poorer lung function (% predicted FEV1: B coefficient, -7.6; P<0.0001), an effect not seen when ethnic-specific predicted FEV1 values were used.
conclusionBlack people in London were half as likely as whites to have COPD after adjusting for lower smoking rates in blacks. It seems likely that the differences observed were due either to ethnic differences in the way cigarettes were smoked or to ethnic differences in susceptibility to COPD.
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Registered trials
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