Trial reportEthnicity & disease2016
Primary School Children's Nutrition Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Behavior, after a Three-Year Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (HealthKick).
Trial report in Ethnicity & disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anthropometric nutritional status of children (0-18 years) in South Africa 1997-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Healthy Nutrition Intervention Programs in Kindergarten and Primary Education.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of school-based nutrition interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- School-Based Interventions Targeting Nutrition and Physical Activity, and Body Weight Status of African Children: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing obesity in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Childhood Obesity Prevention in Africa: A Systematic Review of Intervention Effectiveness and Implementation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Education or Provision? A Comparison of Two School-Based Fruit and Vegetable Nutrition Education Programs in the Netherlands.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Intervention Increases Physical Activity and Healthful Diet Among South African Adolescents Over 54 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2019Trial
- Identifying the causes of adolescent malnutrition in Nuwara-Eliya District, Sri Lanka.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of nutrition education intervention on nutrition knowledge, attitude, and diet quality among school-going adolescents: a quasi-experimental study.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Development and implementation of a nutrition education programme for school-going adolescents in the context of double burden of malnutrition: a narrative essay.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Behaviour change interventions improve maternal and child nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Relationship between nutrition knowledge, education and other determinants of food intake and lifestyle habits among adolescents from urban and rural secondary schools in Tyrol, Western Austria.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Effect of Food Environment Interventions on Anthropometric Outcomes in School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
- Malaysian adolescents' perceptions of healthy eating: a qualitative study.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Effectiveness of a school-based intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice on healthy lifestyle and body composition in Malaysian adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Project Spraoi: a two-year longitudinal study on the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and physical activity intervention on dietary intake, nutritional knowledge and markers of health of Irish schoolchildren.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- A Contextual Nutrition Education Program Improves Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes of South African Teachers and Learners.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of HealthKick(HK), a healthy lifestyle intervention, on nutrition knowledge, behavior, and dietary self-efficacy of school children in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.
designA three-year cluster randomized control trial at primary schools in low socioeconomic settings with a baseline study in 2009 and follow-up in 2010 and 2011.
participantsParticipants were Grade four children (n=500) at eight schools in the intervention group and at eight schools in the control group (n=498).
methodsAn action planning process was followed with educators whereby they identified their own school health priorities and ways to address them. Schools were provided with nutrition resources, including curriculum guidelines and the South African food-based dietary guidelines. Children completed a questionnaire comprising nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy and behavioral items.
resultsThe intervention significantly improved the knowledge of the intervention group at the first (mean difference =1.88, 95%CI: .32 to 3.43, P=.021) and second follow-up (mean difference=1.92, 95%CI: .24 to 3.60, P=.031) compared with the control group. The intervention effect for self-efficacy was not significant at the first follow-up (mean difference=.32, 95%CI: -.029 to .94, P=.281) whereas a significant effect was observed at the second follow-up (mean difference=.71, 95%CI: .04 to 1.38, P=.039). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for nutritional behavior scores at any of the follow-up time points.
conclusionsThe HK intervention improved nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy significantly in primary schoolchildren; however, it did not improve their eating behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.