ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2016
Income inequality within urban settings and depressive symptoms among adolescents.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gender differences in the effects of economic inequality on mental conditions: a multivariate meta-analysis of Gini index and relative income position in high-income OECD countries.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Associations between residential segregation, ambient air pollution, and hippocampal features in recent trauma survivors.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics, perceived social support and psychological wellbeing in Spanish adolescents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relative Poverty and Mental Illness in Adults, Children, and Adolescents in Industrialized Countries.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Neighborhood Social Processes and Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms: The Intervening Role of Neighborhood Self-Efficacy.Journal of community psychology · 2025Article
- Income inequality and comorbid overweight/obesity and depression among a large sample of Canadian secondary school students: The mediator effect of social cohesion.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Physical and Social Environments and Social Inequalities in Health in Older Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Mental Health, Material Possessions, and Social Capital During COVID-19: A Study of the United States Urban Working-Age Population.Applied research in quality of life · 2023Article
- Income inequality and mental health in adolescents during COVID-19, results from COMPASS 2018-2021.PloS one · 2023Article
- Sleepless in inequality: findings from the 2018 behavioral risk factor surveillance system, a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Cumulative Neighborhood Risk and Subsequent Internalizing Behavior among Asian American Adolescents.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2022Article
- How Income and Income Inequality Drive Depressive Symptoms in U.S. Adults, Does Sex Matter: 2005-2016.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Modelling Maternal Depression: An Agent-Based Model to Examine the Complex Relationship between Relative Income and Depression.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Income inequality and depression among Canadian secondary students: Are psychosocial well-being and social cohesion mediating factors?SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Article
- Neighborhood Income Inequality and Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Boston, Massachusetts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Investigation of the Trend in Adolescent Mental Health and its Related Social Factors: A Multi-Year Cross-Sectional Study For 13 Years.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Is wealth associated with depressive symptoms in the United States?Annals of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough recent evidence has shown that area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression among adults, few studies have tested this association among adolescents.
methodsWe analysed the cross-sectional data from a sample of 1878 adolescents living in 38 neighbourhoods participating in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Using multilevel linear regression modelling, we: (1) estimated the association between neighbourhood income inequality and depressive symptoms, (2) tested for cross-level interactions between sex and neighbourhood income inequality and (3) examined neighbourhood social cohesion as a mediator of the relationship between income inequality and depressive symptoms.
resultsThe association between neighbourhood income inequality and depressive symptoms varied significantly by sex, with girls in higher income inequality neighbourhood reporting higher depressive symptom scores, but not boys. Among girls, a unit increase in Gini Z-score was associated with more depressive symptoms (β=0.38, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.47, p=0.01) adjusting for nativity, neighbourhood income, social cohesion, crime and social disorder. There was no evidence that the association between income inequality and depressive symptoms was due to neighbourhood-level differences in social cohesion.
conclusionsThe distribution of incomes within an urban area adversely affects adolescent girls' mental health; future work is needed to understand why, as well as to examine in greater depth the potential consequences of inequality for males, which may have been difficult to detect here.
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