ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
Soluble CD14 in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with markers of inflammation and axonal damage in untreated HIV-infected patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Latent tuberculosis infection shapes gut microbiome and immune-metabolic interactions in people living with HIV.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Elevated sCD14 in cerebrospinal fluid: a surrogate marker for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in Brazil.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Elevated peripheral and nervous system inflammation is associated with decreased short-chain fatty acid levels in Zika virus-infected macaques.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation associated with neurocognitive impairment among US Latinos with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Inflammation biomarkers and neurobehavioral performance in rural adolescents.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Medial prefrontal cortex connectivity with the nucleus accumbens is related to HIV serostatus, perceptions of psychological stress, and monocyte expression of TNF-a.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Cognitive impairment and biomarkers of gut microbial translocation in testicular germ cell tumor survivors.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Microglial/macrophage activation in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Anti-CD4 Autoantibody Levels in HIV Associate with Neuroinflammation.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Lipopolysaccharide Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Associations With Inflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, and Neuronal Injury.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- New Potential Axes of HIV Neuropathogenesis with Relevance to Biomarkers and Treatment.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
- Validation of Two Kinetic Assays for the Quantification of Endotoxin in Human Serum.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Immunological and Neurometabolite Changes Associated With Switch From Efavirenz to an Integrase Inhibitor.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Review
- High Plasma Soluble CD163 During Infancy Is a Marker for Neurocognitive Outcomes in Early-Treated HIV-Infected Children.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of aging in HIV: inflammation and the microbiome.European geriatric medicine · 2019Review
- CSF concentrations of soluble TREM2 as a marker of microglial activation in HIV-1 infection.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Markers of Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation Predict Cognitive Processing Speed in Heavy-Drinking Men Living with HIV.Microorganisms · 2017Article
- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHIV-associated cognitive impairment has declined since the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). However, milder forms of cognitive impairment persist. Inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been associated with cognitive impairment, and CSF neurofilament light chain protein (NFL) and CSF neopterin concentrations are increased in those patients. Microbial translocation in HIV infection has been suggested to contribute to chronic inflammation, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) are markers of microbial translocation and the resulting monocyte activation, respectively. We hypothesised that microbial translocation contributes to inflammation and axonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS) in untreated HIV infection.
methodsWe analyzed paired samples of plasma and CSF from 62 HIV-infected, untreated patients without cognitive symptoms from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Measurements of neopterin and NFL in CSF were available from previous studies. Plasma and CSF sCD14 was measured using ELISA (R&D, Minneapolis, MN), and plasma and CSF LPS was measured using LAL colorimetric assay (Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed.
resultsLPS in plasma was associated with plasma sCD14 (r = 0.31, P = 0.015), and plasma sCD14 was associated with CSF sCD14 (r = 0.32, P = 0.012). Furthermore, CSF sCD14 was associated with NFL (r = 0.32, P = 0.031) and neopterin (r = 0.32, P = 0.012) in CSF. LPS was not detectable in CSF. In a multivariate regression model CSF sCD14 remained associated with NFL and neopterin after adjusting for age, CD4+ cell count, and HIV RNA in CSF.
conclusionsIn a group of untreated, HIV-infected patients LPS was associated with sCD14 in plasma, and plasma sCD14 was associated CSF sCD14. CSF sCD14 were associated with markers of CNS inflammation and axonal damage. This suggest that microbial translocation might be a driver of systemic and CNS inflammation. However, LPS was not detectable in the CSF, and since sCD14 is a marker of monocyte activation sCD14 may be increased due to other causes than microbial translocation. Further studies regarding cognitive impairment and biomarkers are warranted to fully understand causality.
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