ArticleGeneral and comparative endocrinology2016
Sex differences in microglial colonization and vulnerabilities to endocrine disruption in the social brain.
Article in General and comparative endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Field cancerization, accelerated aging, and immunosuppression: the rapid rise of hormone-sensitive and early-onset breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- Brain nitric oxide and inflammation in chronic intermittent hypoxia: Contributors to cognitive impairment and hypertension.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Characterizing Microglia Morphology in the Frontal Cortex of Pair-Bonded and Unpaired Prairie Voles (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neurobehavioral effects of low dose exposure to chemical mixtures: a review.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Single-Cell Analysis of Sex and Gender Differences in the Human Brain During Development and Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Microglial responses to inflammatory challenge in adult rats altered by developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in a sex-specific manner.Neurotoxicology · 2024Article
- Multifaceted microglia during brain development: Models and tools.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Maternal high-fat diet in mice induces cerebrovascular, microglial and long-term behavioural alterations in offspring.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Gestational Bisphenol A Exposure Impacts Embryonic Hypothalamic Microglia Numbers, Ramification, and Phagocytic Cups.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Endocrine disruption and reproductive disorders: impacts on sexually dimorphic neuroendocrine pathways.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Pregnancy exposure to organophosphate esters and the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study.Environment international · 2021Article
- Sex-Specific Effects of Plastic Caging in Murine Viral Myocarditis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) exposure during the perinatal period impacts partner preference behavior and nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neuron electrophysiology in adult male and female prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster.Hormones and behavior · 2021Article
- Sex-specific Disruption of the Prairie Vole Hypothalamus by Developmental Exposure to a Flame Retardant Mixture.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Oxytocin, Dopamine, and Opioid Interactions Underlying Pair Bonding: Highlighting a Potential Role for Microglia.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Acetaminophen Modulates the Expression of Steroidogenesis-Associated Genes and Estradiol Levels in Human Placental JEG-3 Cells.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Post-weaning Social Isolation in Male and Female Prairie Voles: Impacts on Central and Peripheral Immune System.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Neurobiological Bases of Social Networks.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- Adult Male Rats Show Resilience to Adolescent Bisphenol A Effects on Hormonal and Behavioral Responses While Co-Exposure With Hop Extracts Supports Synergistic Actions.Frontiers in toxicology · 2021Article
- Social isolation alters behavior, the gut-immune-brain axis, and neurochemical circuits in male and female prairie voles.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
During development, microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play an important role in synaptic organization. Microglial colonization of the developing brain is sexually dimorphic in some regions, including nuclei critical for the coordination of social behavior, suggesting steroid hormones have an influencing role, particularly estrogen. By extension, microglial colonization may be vulnerable to endocrine disruption. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) to alter brain development and behavior. Developmental exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous EDC, has been associated with altered sociosexual and mood-related behaviors in various animal models and children. Through a comparison of the promiscuous Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), we are the first to observe that developmental exposure to the synthetic estrogen ethinyl estradiol (EE) or BPA alters the sex-specific colonization of the hippocampus and amygdala by microglia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.