ArticleInternational journal of toxicology2016
Efficacy of Recommended Prehospital Human Equivalent Doses of Atropine and Pralidoxime Against the Toxic Effects of Carbamate Poisoning in the Hartley Guinea Pig.
Article in International journal of toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observation of aldicarb hydrolysis by a cocaine hydrolase.Bioscience reports · 2026Article
- A cocaine hydrolase engineered from human butyrylcholinesterase as a medical countermeasure for aldicarb poisoning.Chemico-biological interactions · 2025Article
- Evaluating the broad-spectrum efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase oximes reactivators MMB4 DMS, HLö-7 DMS, and 2-PAM Cl against phorate oxon, sarin, and VX in the Hartley guinea pig.Neurotoxicology · 2018Article
- QuEChERS-based approach toward the analysis of two insecticides, methomyl and aldicarb, in blood and brain tissue.Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAldicarb and methomyl are carbamate pesticides commonly implicated in human poisonings. The primary toxic mechanism of action for carbamate poisoning is cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. As such, it is logical to assume that the currently accepted therapies for organophosphate poisoning (muscarinic antagonist atropine and the oxime acetylcholinesterase reactivator pralidoxime chloride [2-PAM Cl]) could afford therapeutic protection. However, oximes have been shown to be contraindicated for poisoning by some carbamates.
methodsA protective ratio study was conducted in guinea pigs to evaluate the efficacy of atropine and 2-PAM Cl. The ChE activity was determined in both the blood and the cerebral cortex.
resultsCoadministration of atropine free base (0.4 mg/kg) and 2-PAM Cl (25.7 mg/kg) demonstrated protective ratios of 2 and 3 against aldicarb and methomyl, respectively, relative to saline. The data reported here show that this protection was primarily mediated by the action of atropine. The reactivator 2-PAM Cl had neither positive nor negative effects on survival. Both blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were significantly reduced at 15 minutes postchallenge but gradually returned to normal within 24 hours. Analysis of cerebral cortex showed that BChE, but not AChE, activity was reduced in animals that succumbed prior to 24 hours after challenge.
conclusionThe results suggest that coadministration of atropine and 2-PAM Cl at the currently recommended human equivalent doses for use in the prehospital setting to treat organophosphorus nerve agent and pesticide poisoning would likely also be effective against aldicarb or methomyl poisoning.
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