Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27102027›Full record

ArticleGlobal heart2016

Markers of Atherosclerosis, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment Patterns in Heart Failure: A Case-Control Study of Middle-Aged Adult Heart Failure Patients in Rural Kenya.

Gerald S Bloomfield, Allison K DeLong, Constantine O Akwanalo, Joseph W Hogan, E Jane Carter, Daniel F Aswa, Cynthia Binanay, Myra Koech, Sylvester Kimaiyo, Eric J Velazquez

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Global heart, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies in Africa.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2020
    Review
  5. HIV and cardiovascular disease.The lancet. HIV · 2020
    Review
  6. Heart Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa.Cardiac failure review · 2018
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Gerald S BloomfieldDepartment of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: gerald.bloomfield@duke.edu.
Allison K DeLongCenter for Statistical Science, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Constantine O AkwanaloDivision of Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
Joseph W HoganDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
E Jane CarterDivision of Infectious Diseases, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Daniel F AswaDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Cynthia BinanayDuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Myra KoechDepartment of Pediatrics, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
Sylvester KimaiyoDivision of Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Eric J VelazquezDepartment of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Moi University · KEBrown University · USClinical Research Institute · USDuke Medical Center · USDuke University · US

Funding

Translational ScienceP30AI042853 · NIAID · MIRIAM HOSPITAL · PI Rami Kantor · 1998 to 2026
$51.7M
Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Support Center @ Vanderbilt-AAMCR24TW007988 · FIC · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI VERMUND, STEN H. · 2007 to 2011
$27.6M
Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis among Patients with Heart Failure in KenyaK01TW008407 · FIC · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BLOOMFIELD, GERALD SAMUEL · 2011 to 2014
$490k
FIC NIH HHS K01 TW008407FIC NIH HHS K01TW008407FIC NIH HHS R24 TW007988FIC NIH HHS R24TW007988-05NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900031CNIAID NIH HHS P30 AI042853NIAID NIH HHS P30AI042853
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough risk factors for heart failure are increasingly common worldwide, the contribution of atherosclerosis to heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa is largely unknown.

objectiveThis study assessed the association between atherosclerotic risk factors and heart failure in a developing country.

methodsWe performed a case-control study of heart failure in rural Kenya. We assessed the risk factors for heart failure by using international criteria based on electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, physical examination findings, and laboratory testing. Atherosclerotic risk factors were determined by ECG, echocardiogram, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and lipid testing. We described the relationship of wall motion abnormalities on echocardiogram, ABI <0.9, and ischemic pattern on ECG with the presence of heart failure with multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age and sex and using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsThere were 125 cases and 191 controls (n = 316); 49% were male. The mean age was 60 (SD = 13) years. Most patients had hypertension (53%), and 16% had human immunodeficiency virus infection. Lipids were in the normal range for all. Cases were older than controls (62 years vs. 58 years, respectively). The most common abnormality associated with heart failure was dilated cardiomyopathy. Ischemic heart failure was the second most common cause in men. Cases were more likely to have an ABI <0.9 (46% vs. 31%; AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.19 to 3.32), ischemia or infarct on ECG (68% vs. 43%; AOR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.43 to 6.34), and wall motion abnormalities on echocardiogram (54% vs. 15%; AOR: 7.00; 95% CI: 3.95 to 12.39).

conclusionsIschemic heart failure is more common in Kenya than previously recognized. Noninvasive markers of atherosclerosis are routinely found among patients with heart failure. Treatment and prevention of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa must consider many causes including those related to atherosclerosis.

Indexed as

AgedAnkle Brachial IndexAtherosclerosisBiomarkersCardiomyopathy, DilatedCase-Control StudiesDyslipidemiasEchocardiographyElectrocardiographyFemaleGuideline AdherenceHeart FailureHumansHypertensionKenyaLogistic ModelsBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID27102027
PMCPMC4843836
OpenAlexW2336848060

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.