ArticleGlobal heart2016
Obesity and its Relation With Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study Across 4 Geographical Regions.
Article in Global heart, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The blood pressure-lowering property of subcutaneous semaglutide: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-Specific Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis Involving 3 916 276 Individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Does Engagement in HIV Care Affect Screening, Diagnosis, and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among people living with HIV in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic risk factors and brain age: a meta-analysis to quantify brain structural differences related to diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- The consumption of animal products is associated with plasma levels of alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA).Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2024Trial
- Health Literacy and Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Among Older Adults with Multimorbidity: Evidence from Low-Resource Context.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comorbidity patterns and health-related quality of life in a cohort of Australian women cancer survivors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Which of the five anthropometric and lipid-based indexes best predicts hypertension? A machine learning approach.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of control patterns for the atherogenic index of plasma and its obesity-associated indices on transitions in prediabetes glycemic status: results from the CHARLS national cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Observational
- Article
- Risk factors of hypertension in South Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis to inform the development of a clinical prediction model.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Risk stratification of hypertension in South Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Association between urinary incontinence and sarcopenic obesity among middle-aged and older Brazilian women.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Hypertension among Guatemalan women: the role of food insecurity and overweight/obesity.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Pre-hypertension in Bangladesh: evidence from BDHS 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Differential methylation in blood pressure control genes is associated to essential hypertension in African Brazilian populations.Epigenetics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in rural areas of Naubatpur block of Patna District in Bihar, India: a population-based cluster cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exploring Associations between Race/Ethnicity and Glaucoma Prevalence in a Multicenter Brazilian Study: The ELSA-Brasil.Ethnicity & disease · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe implications of rising obesity for cardiovascular health in middle-income countries has generated interest, in part because associations between obesity and cardiovascular health seem to vary across ethnic groups.
objectiveWe assessed general and central obesity in Africa, East Asia, South America, and South Asia. We further investigated whether body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference differentially relate to cardiovascular health; and associations between obesity metrics and adverse cardiovascular health vary by region.
methodsUsing baseline anthropometric data collected between 2008 and 2012 from 7 cohorts in 9 countries, we estimated the proportion of participants with general and central obesity using BMI and waist circumference classifications, respectively, by study site. We used Poisson regression to examine the associations (prevalence ratios) of continuously measured BMI and waist circumference with prevalent diabetes and hypertension by sex. Pooled estimates across studies were computed by sex and age.
resultsThis study analyzed data from 31,118 participants aged 20 to 79 years. General obesity was highest in South Asian cities and central obesity was highest in South America. The proportion classified with general obesity (range 11% to 50%) tended to be lower than the proportion classified as centrally obese (range 19% to 79%). Every standard deviation higher of BMI was associated with 1.65 and 1.60 times higher probability of diabetes and 1.42 and 1.28 times higher probability of hypertension, for men and women, respectively, aged 40 to 69 years. Every standard deviation higher of waist circumference was associated with 1.48 and 1.74 times higher probability of diabetes and 1.34 and 1.31 times higher probability of hypertension, for men and women, respectively, aged 40 to 69 years. Associations of obesity measures with diabetes were strongest in South Africa among men and in South America among women. Associations with hypertension were weakest in South Africa among both sexes.
conclusionsBMI and waist circumference were both reasonable predictors of prevalent diabetes and hypertension. Across diverse ethnicities and settings, BMI and waist circumference remain salient metrics of obesity that can identify those with increased cardiovascular risk.
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