ArticlePloS one2016
mRNA-Mediated Gene Supplementation of Toll-Like Receptors as Treatment Strategy for Asthma In Vivo.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 2 gene with asthma susceptibility: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Delivering the blueprint: Advances and challenges in mRNA therapeutics for the respiratory system.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence-guided design of lipid nanoparticles for pulmonary gene therapy.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Catalytic Site Inhibitors of Group 1 Allergens Prevent Toll-like Receptor (TLR)4- and TLR1/2-Dependent Innate Responses in Keratinocytes and Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to House Dust Mite Allergenic Extract.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Developing Biomaterial-Based mRNA Delivery System for Lung Disease Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- A review of recent advances in gene therapy, pharmacogenomics, and genetic polymorphisms in asthma.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Recent strategies for enhanced delivery of mRNA to the lungs.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Toll-like receptor-mediated immune imbalance in asthma: controversies, breakthroughs, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Combinatorial development of nebulized mRNA delivery formulations for the lungs.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Polymer nanoparticles deliver mRNA to the lung for mucosal vaccination.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Scope and challenges of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery in cancer treatment.Archives of pharmacal research · 2022Review
- The legacy of mRNA engineering: A lineup of pioneers for the Nobel Prize.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Review
- Chemically modified mRNA beyond COVID-19: Potential preventive and therapeutic applications for targeting chronic diseases.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Inhaled RNA Therapy: From Promise to Reality.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2020Review
- The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Production of Cytokines by Human Lung Macrophages.Journal of innate immunity · 2020Article
- Recent Developments in mRNA-Based Protein Supplementation Therapy to Target Lung Diseases.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2019Review
- Correction: mRNA-Mediated Gene Supplementation of Toll-Like Receptors as Treatment Strategy for Asthma In Vivo.PloS one · 2018Article
- Cationic Nanoliposomes Meet mRNA: Efficient Delivery of Modified mRNA Using Hemocompatible and Stable Vectors for Therapeutic Applications.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2017Article
- Article
- Peptide hormones and lipopeptides: from self-assembly to therapeutic applications.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Although several therapeutic options are currently available to control the symptoms, many drugs have significant side effects and asthma remains an incurable disease. Microbial exposure in early life reduces the risk of asthma and several studies have suggested protective effects of Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. We showed previously that modified mRNA provides a safe and efficient therapeutic tool for in vivo gene supplementation. Since current asthma drugs do not take patient specific immune and TLR backgrounds into consideration, treatment with tailored mRNA could be an attractive approach to account for the patient's individual asthma phenotype. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a preventative treatment with combinations of Tlr1, Tlr2 and Tlr6 mRNA in a House Dust Mite-induced mouse model of asthma. We used chemically modified mRNA which is-in contrast to conventional viral vectors-non-integrating and highly efficient in gene transfer. In our study, we found that treatment with either Tlr1/2 mRNA or Tlr2/6 mRNA, but not Tlr2 mRNA alone, resulted in better lung function as well as reduced airway inflammation in vivo. The present results point to a potentially protective effect of TLR heterodimers in asthma pathogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.