Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27100728›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of cancer2016

Metastasis-inducing proteins are widely expressed in human brain metastases and associated with intracranial progression and radiation response.

Rasheed Zakaria, Angela Platt-Higgins, Nitika Rathi, Daniel Crooks, Andrew Brodbelt, Emmanuel Chavredakis, David Lawson, Michael D Jenkinson, Philip S Rudland

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rasheed ZakariaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK.
Angela Platt-HigginsInstitute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
Nitika RathiDepartment of Neuropathology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK.
Daniel CrooksDepartment of Neuropathology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK.
Andrew BrodbeltDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK.
Emmanuel ChavredakisDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK.
David LawsonDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK.
Michael D JenkinsonDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK.
Philip S RudlandInstitute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
University of Liverpool · GBWalton Centre · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0801447Medical Research Council MR/L017342/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding the factors that drive recurrence and radiosensitivity in brain metastases would improve prediction of outcomes, treatment planning and development of therapeutics. We investigated the expression of known metastasis-inducing proteins in human brain metastases.

methodsImmunohistochemistry on metastases removed at neurosurgery from 138 patients to determine the degree and pattern of expression of the proteins S100A4, S100P, AGR2, osteopontin (OPN) and the DNA repair marker FANCD2. Validation of significant findings in a separate prospective series with the investigation of intra-tumoral heterogeneity using image-guided sampling. Assessment of S100A4 expression in brain metastatic and non-metastatic primary breast carcinomas.

resultsThere was widespread staining for OPN, S100A4, S100P and AGR2 in human brain metastases. Positive staining for S100A4 was independently associated with a shorter time to intracranial progression after resection in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio for negative over positive staining=0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-0.74, P=0.018). S100A4 was expressed at the leading edge of brain metastases in image guided sampling and overexpressed in brain metastatic vs non-brain metastatic primary breast carcinomas. Staining for OPN was associated with a significant increase in survival time after post-operative whole-brain radiotherapy in retrospective (OPN negative 3.43 months, 95% CI: 1.36-5.51 vs OPN positive, 11.20 months 95% CI: 7.68-14.72, Log rank test, P<0.001) and validation populations.

conclusionsProteins known to be involved in cellular adhesion and migration in vitro, and metastasis in vivo are significantly expressed in human brain metastases and may be useful biomarkers of intracranial progression and radiosensitivity.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkers, TumorBrain NeoplasmsCalcium-Binding ProteinsDisease ProgressionFanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 ProteinFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansImage-Guided BiopsyMaleMiddle AgedMucoproteinsNeoplasm ProteinsAGR2 protein, humanBiomarkers, TumorCalcium-Binding ProteinsFANCD2 protein, humanFanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 ProteinMucoproteinsNeoplasm ProteinsOncogene ProteinsOsteopontinProteinsS100A4 protein, humanS100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4S100P protein, humanSPP1 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID27100728
PMCPMC4865966
OpenAlexW2339228652

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.