ArticleSubstance use & misuse2016
Examining Risk for Frequent Cocaine Use: Focus on an African American Treatment Population.
Article in Substance use & misuse, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trauma Profiles and Cocaine Use Among Formerly Incarcerated Black Men Who Co-Use Opioids and Stimulants.The Journal of black psychology · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of social-contextual treatments for improving substance-related problems among Black adults: An individual-level data synthesis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Systematic Review of Cocaine-Treatment Interventions for Black Americans.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities and Black/White disparities in US cocaine-involved overdose mortality risk.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Religious service attendance typologies and African American substance use: a longitudinal study of the protective effects among young adult men and women.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and stimulant use disorders among adults in the United States.Psychiatry research · 2021Article
- A systematic scoping review of research on Black participants in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCocaine use and its consequences are disproportionately higher and more severe among African Americans compared to other ethnic/racial groups.
objectivesThe aims of this study were to examine a risk model specific for African American users and assess whether risk varies as a function of sex.
methods270 African American adults in a residential drug treatment facility completed measurements assessing first and past year crack/cocaine use frequency, childhood trauma, and stress reactivity. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the unique effect of each predictor variable on past year crack/cocaine frequency. Sex was included as a moderator variable in the regression analysis.
resultsAll predictor variables were positively correlated with past year crack/cocaine use. However, sex differences were also observed: females reported higher rates of childhood emotional abuse, childhood sexual abuse, and stress reactivity-as well as past year crack use and cocaine use-than males. Regression analyses were performed with sex, first year use, and stress reactivity emerging as the only significant predictors for frequency of crack and cocaine use among all study participants. Moreover, sex differences were observed in the influence of first year crack use frequency on past year crack use frequency, such that the effect was stronger for males than for females. Conclusion/Importance: This study offers a clearer understanding of the risk factors for crack and cocaine abuse specific to African Americans, as well as sex specific pathways to risk, providing useful implications for future prevention and treatment efforts.
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