ArticlePloS one2016
Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in ControllingNutrients · 2022Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis of Circulating Leukocytes Obtained during the Recovery from Clinical Mastitis Caused byAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Progress towards the Elusive Mastitis Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Innate Immunity Stimulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenge by Parvulan.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Genetic polymorphisms ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Incidence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows under Semi-Tropical Circumstances in Chattogram, Bangladesh.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Type 3 immunity: a perspective for the defense of the mammary gland against infections.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- DNA methylation rather than single nucleotide polymorphisms regulates the production of an aberrant splice variant of IL6R in mastitic cows.Cell stress & chaperones · 2018Article
- Local immunization impacts the response of dairy cows to Escherichia coli mastitis.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mammary gland is able to detect and react to bacterial intrusion through innate immunity mechanisms, but mammary inflammation can also result from antigen-specific adaptive immunity. We postulated that innate and adaptive immune responses could synergize to trigger inflammation in the mammary gland. To test this hypothesis, we immunized cows with the model antigen ovalbumin and challenged the sensitized animals with either Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as innate immunity agonist, ovalbumin as adaptive immunity agonist, or both agonists in three different udder quarters of lactating cows. There was a significant amplification of the initial milk leukocytosis in the quarters challenged with the two agonists compared to leukocytosis in quarters challenged with LPS or ovalbumin alone. This synergistic response occurred only with the cows that developed the ovalbumin-specific inflammatory response, and there were significant correlations between milk leukocytosis and production of IL-17A and IFN-γ in a whole-blood ovalbumin stimulation assay. The antigen-specific response induced substantial concentrations of IL-17A and IFN-γ in milk contrary to the response to LPS. Such a synergy at the onset of the reaction of the mammary gland suggests that induction of antigen-specific immune response with bacterial antigens could improve the initial immune response to infection, hence reducing the bacterial load and contributing to protection.
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Registered trials
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