ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2016
A novel tetrandrine-loaded chitosan microsphere: characterization and in vivo evaluation.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Study on preparation, characterization and multidrug resistance reversal of red blood cell membrane-camouflaged tetrandrine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles.Drug delivery · 2019Article
- Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Tetrandrine for Improved Bioavailability: Physicochemical Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Study.BioMed research international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2022-11-18Author Unresponsive · Concerns/Issues about Data · Duplication of/in Image · Paper Mill ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, novel tetrandrine-loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by the emulsion cross-linking method. The systems were then characterized for physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release. In addition, the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of microspheres were further verified in animal models. Particle-size distribution indicated that the size of microspheres was within the range of 7-15 μm, with a median diameter of 12.4 μm. The drug loading and entrapment efficiency of the formulation were 34.6%±12.5% and 87.3%±9.7% (mean ± SD), respectively. In vitro release showed a typical sustained and long-term drug release behavior. The Higuchi equation was the model that fit best with release data. Maintaining a relatively constant plasma concentration in the long-term drug treatment is an outstanding pharmacokinetic advantage of tetrandrine microspheres in vivo. Moreover, compared with tetrandrine solution, tetrandrine microspheres produced a lower drug concentration in the heart, liver, and kidneys. This indicated that the microspheres used in this study were preferable for targeting lung tissue versus other tissues. No damage to the tissues of the lung was found in histopathological examination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.