ArticleClinical obesity2016
Are healthcare costs from obesity associated with body mass index, comorbidity or depression? Cohort study using electronic health records.
Article in Clinical obesity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Costs of mental health care resource use in people with obesity: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of obesity and overweight on medical expenditures and disease incidence in Korea from 2002 to 2013.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Understanding the socio-economic and health burden of obesity: a 10-year retrospective analysis of population-wide administrative healthcare data.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Healthcare utilisation patterns and contributory factors among middle-aged adults: a scoping review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Longitudinal economic burden of incident complications among metabolic syndrome populations.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization: estimation of inpatient hospital costs attributable to obesity.Health economics review · 2021Article
- Costs associated with depression and obesity among cardiovascular patients: medical expenditure panel survey analysis.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Characteristics of Type-2 Diabetics Who are Prone to High-Cost Medical Care Expenses by Bayesian Network.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Patient Needs, Perceptions, and Attitudinal Drivers Associated with Obesity: A Qualitative Online Bulletin Board Study.Advances in therapy · 2019Article
- Article
- Delaware's 1999-2017 Leading Causes of Death Information Illustrates Its Obesity and Obesity-Related Life-Limiting Disease Burdens.Research in health science · 2019Article
- Obesity and healthcare resource utilization: results from Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD).Obesity science & practice · 2018Article
- Safety and tolerability of new-generation anti-obesity medications: a narrative review.Postgraduate medicine · 2018Review
- Health-related costs in a sample of premenopausal non-diabetic overweight or obese females in Antwerp region: a cost-of-illness analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2018Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in morbid obesity with body mass index more than 40 kg/mSSM - population health · 2017Article
- Observational
- Costs and Outcomes of Increasing Access to Bariatric Surgery: Cohort Study and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Using Electronic Health Records.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2017Article
- The importance of public health in managing health care costs in the United Kingdom National Health Service.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and healthcare costs in relation to obesity-related comorbidity and depression. A population-based cohort study was undertaken in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). A stratified random sample was taken of participants registered with general practices in England in 2008 and 2013. Person time was classified by BMI category and morbidity status using first diagnosis of diabetes (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke or malignant neoplasms. Participants were classified annually as depressed or not depressed. Costs of healthcare utilization were calculated from primary care records with linked hospital episode statistics. A two-part model estimated predicted mean annual costs by age, gender and morbidity status. Linear regression was used to estimate the effects of BMI category, comorbidity and depression on healthcare costs. The analysis included 873 809 person-years (62% female) from 250 046 participants. Annual healthcare costs increased with BMI, to a mean of £456 (95% CI 344-568) higher for BMI ≥40 kg m(-2) than for normal weight based on a general linear model. After adjusting for BMI, the additional cost of comorbidity was £1366 (£1269-£1463) and depression £1044 (£973-£1115). There was evidence of interaction so that as the BMI category increased, additional costs of comorbidity (£199, £74-£325) or depression (£116, £16-£216) were greater. High healthcare costs in obesity may be driven by the presence of comorbidity and depression. Prioritizing primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the obese population may contribute to reducing obesity-related healthcare costs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.