ReviewEuropean journal of dentistry
Halitosis: Current concepts on etiology, diagnosis and management.
Review in European journal of dentistry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between halitosis and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Pooled it
- Therapeutic effect of laser on pediatric oral soft tissue problems: a systematic literature review.Lasers in medical science · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- A new technique for tongue brushing and halitosis reduction: the X technique.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2019Trial
- Halitosis: A Prospective Cohort Study Comparing Periodontal Debridement with Tongue Cleaning, Denture Biofilm Management, and Restorative Maintenance.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Laser Interventions for Intraoral Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Comparative Assessment of Halitosis and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children and Young Adults with Clear Aligners, Those with Lingual Orthodontics, and Non-Orthodontic Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study with Dietary Subgroup Analyses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Relationship Between the Salivary Microbiome and Oral Malodor Metabolites in Older Thai Individuals with Periodontitis and the Cytotoxic Effects of Malodor Compounds on Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma (HSC-4) Cells.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Short-term effects of oral dissolving film on halitosis and oral pathogenic bacteria: a pilot non-randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward halitosis among dental patients at Zewditu memorial hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Oral Microbiome: A Review of Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Self-perceived halitosis and associated factors among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Current and Potential Applications of Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives in Oral Health Care.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Validation of the Romanian Version of the Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (HALT) in a Cross-Sectional Study among Young Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Relationship between Behavior and Periodontal Health Self-Perception in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients from Transylvania, Romania-A Self-Report Study, including The Desire to Use a Mobile App for Oral Care Improvements.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Review
- A Cross-Sectional Study on Self-Perceived Halitosis among Undergraduate University Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2023Article
- Accuracy of two methods to detect the presence of halitosis: the volatile sulfur compounds concentration in the mouth air and the information from a close person.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2023Article
- Relationship between Hormonal Changes and Self-Perceived Halitosis in Females: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor originating from the oral cavity, leading to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. A patient with halitosis is most likely to contact primary care practitioner for the diagnosis and management. With proper diagnosis, identification of the etiology and timely referrals certain steps are taken to create a successful individualized therapeutic approach for each patient seeking assistance. It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. The literature on halitosis, especially with randomized clinical trials, is scarce and additional studies are required. This article succinctly focuses on the development of a systematic flow of events to come to the best management of the halitosis from the primary care practitioner's point of view.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.