ArticleJournal of lipid research2016
Structural analogs of pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylglycerol inhibit toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling.
Article in Journal of lipid research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Valproic acid remodels phosphatidylglycerol homeostasis and epithelial-macrophage crosstalk in inflammatory signaling.iScience · 2026Article
- Therapeutic benefits of glycerol in dry eye disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Phosphatidylglycerol to Treat Chronic Skin Wounds in Diabetes.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Heat Shock Protein B4 (HSPB4)-Induced Inflammatory Pathways In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Anionic Pulmonary Surfactant Lipid Treatment Inhibits Rhinovirus A Infection of the Human Airway Epithelium.Viruses · 2023Article
- Innate Immune System Activation, Inflammation and Corneal Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Anti-inflammatory and anti-viral actions of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2022Review
- Pulmonary surfactant as a versatile biomaterial to fight COVID-19.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Review
- Updated Perspectives on Keratinocytes and Psoriasis: Keratinocytes are More Than Innocent Bystanders.Psoriasis (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Alveolar type II cells and pulmonary surfactant in COVID-19 era.Physiological research · 2021Review
- Phosphatidylglycerol and surfactant: A potential treatment for COVID-19?Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
- Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation Increases Keratinocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators and is Inhibited by Phosphatidylglycerol.Molecular pharmacology · 2020Article
- Article
- Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol Accelerates Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Pulmonary surfactant lipids inhibit infections with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in several animal models.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Phosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Inflammation by Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2019Article
- Phospholipid regulation of innate immunity and respiratory viral infection.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Review
- Tandem mass spectrometry of novel ether-linked phospholipid analogs of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pulmonary surfactant phospholipid, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG), potently inhibits toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 signaling from the cell surface of macrophages. Analogs of POPG that vary in polar head group length, hydroxylation, and alkyl branching were synthesized using a phospholipase D-catalyzed transphosphatidylation reaction and a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine substrate. Lipid analogs with C3 and C4 alkyl head group length (POP-propanol and POP-butanol) are less effective than POPG as TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists. However, adding a hydroxyl group at the alkyl chain 3- or 4-position (POP-propanediols or POP-butanediols) greatly increased their inhibitory effects against TLR2 and TLR4. POP-2',2'-dimethylpropanediol is a weak inhibitor of TLR2 and TLR4 activation that results in arachidonic acid release, but an effective inhibitor of TLR4 activation that results in TNF-α production. Addition of an amino group at the alkyl-2 position (POP-2'-aminopropanediol) completely abolished the antagonism of TLRs 2 and 4. Multiple analogs strongly bind to the TLR4 coreceptors, cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and myeloid differentiation 2, but competition for di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A binding to CD14 is the best predictor of biological activity at the cellular level. Collectively, these findings identify new compounds for antagonizing TLR2 and TLR4 activation and define structural properties of POPG analogs for discriminating between two TLR systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.