Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27095431›Full record

ArticleFaraday discussions2016

Development of a practical spatial-spectral analysis protocol for breast histopathology using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging.

F Nell Pounder, Rohith K Reddy, Rohit Bhargava

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Faraday discussions, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Relevance of light conditions for clinicalFrontiers in oncology · 2026
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  13. Review
  14. All-digital histopathology by infrared-optical hybrid microscopy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

F Nell PounderDepartment of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. rxb@illinois.edu.
Rohith K ReddyDepartment of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. rxb@illinois.edu.
Rohit BhargavaDepartment of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. rxb@illinois.edu and Departments of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science & Engineering and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Urbana University · USUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · US

Funding

Discrete Frequency Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging for Breast HistopathologyR01EB009745 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI BHARGAVA, ROHIT · 2010 to 2025
$5.1M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB009745
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer screening provides sensitive tumor identification, but low specificity implies that a vast majority of biopsies are not ultimately diagnosed as cancer. Automated techniques to evaluate biopsies can prevent errors, reduce pathologist workload and provide objective analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging provides both molecular signatures and spatial information that may be applicable for pathology. Here, we utilize both the spectral and spatial information to develop a combined classifier that provides rapid tissue assessment. First, we evaluated the potential of IR imaging to provide a diagnosis using spectral data alone. While highly accurate histologic [epithelium, stroma] recognition could be achieved, the same was not possible for disease [cancer, no-cancer] due to the diversity of spectral signals. Hence, we employed spatial data, developing and evaluating increasingly complex models, to detect cancers. Sub-mm tumors could be very confidently predicted as indicated by the quantitative measurement of accuracy via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The developed protocol was validated with a small set and statistical performance used to develop a model that predicts study design for a large scale, definitive validation. The results of evaluation on different instruments, at higher noise levels, under a coarser spectral resolution and two sampling modes [transmission and transflection], indicate that the protocol is highly accurate under a variety of conditions. The study paves the way to validating IR imaging for rapid breast tumor detection, its statistical validation and potential directions for optimization of the speed and sampling for clinical deployment.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsHumansReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificitySpectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Identifiers

PMID27095431
PMCPMC5515302
OpenAlexW2222744863

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.