ArticlePloS one2016
Association of Kidney Disease Measures with Cause-Specific Mortality: The Korean Heart Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic kidney disease and incident cancer risk: an individual participant data meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of dapagliflozin on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pre-specified analysis from the DAPA-CKD randomized controlled trial.European heart journal · 2021Trial
- Sex differences in cancer outcomes across the range of eGFR.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Urinary albumin excretion and cancer risk: the PREVEND cohort study.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Observational
- The 'other' big complication: how chronic kidney disease impacts on cancer risks and outcomes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Review
- Association between rapid renal function deterioration and cancer mortality in the elderly: A retrospective cohort study.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Association of plasma cystatin C with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and elderly individuals: a prospective community-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Association between Kidney Function, Proteinuria and the Risk of Multiple Myeloma: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea.Cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Cost of End-of-Life Inpatient Encounters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States: A Report from the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort.Advances in therapy · 2022Article
- Cancer mortality in a population-based cohort of American Indians - The strong heart study.Cancer epidemiology · 2021Article
- Trace proteinuria as a risk factor for cancer death in a general population.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Kidney function and cancer risk: An analysis using creatinine and cystatin C in a cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality in Korean patients with chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and Cancer Risk in the Community.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Impact of lower body mass index on risk of all-cause mortality and infection-related death in Japanese chronic kidney disease patients.BMC nephrology · 2020Article
- Article
- Causes of death across categories of estimated glomerular filtration rate: The Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project.PloS one · 2019Observational
- Dipstick proteinuria and all-cause mortality among the general population.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2018Article
- Benefit of nephron sparing surgery translates into lower cancer specific mortality in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma.Annals of translational medicine · 2018Article
- Cancer risk associated with chronic diseases and disease markers: prospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe link of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and high proteinuria to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is well known. However, its link to mortality due to other causes is less clear.
methodsWe studied 367,932 adults (20-93 years old) in the Korean Heart Study (baseline between 1996-2004 and follow-up until 2011) and assessed the associations of creatinine-based eGFR and dipstick proteinuria with mortality due to CVD (1,608 cases), cancer (4,035 cases), and other (non-CVD/non-cancer) causes (3,152 cases) after adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsAlthough cancer was overall the most common cause of mortality, in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-CVD/non-cancer mortality accounted for approximately half of cause of death (47.0%for eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 54.3% for proteinuria ≥1+). Lower eGFR (<60 vs. ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2) was significantly associated with mortality due to CVD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.78]) and non-CVD/non-cancer causes (1.78 [1.54-2.05]). The risk of cancer mortality only reached significance at eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 when eGFR 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m2 was set as a reference (1.62 [1.10-2.39]). High proteinuria (dipstick ≥1+ vs. negative/trace) was consistently associated with mortality due to CVD (1.93 [1.66-2.25]), cancer (1.49 [1.32-1.68]), and other causes (2.19 [1.96-2.45]). Examining finer mortality causes, low eGFR and high proteinuria were commonly associated with mortality due to coronary heart disease, any infectious disease, diabetes, and renal failure. In addition, proteinuria was also related to death from stroke, cancers of stomach, liver, pancreas, and lung, myeloma, pneumonia, and viral hepatitis.
conclusionLow eGFR was associated with CVD and non-CVD/non-cancer mortality, whereas higher proteinuria was consistently related to mortality due to CVD, cancer, and other causes. These findings suggest the need for multidisciplinary prevention and management strategies in individuals with CKD, particularly when proteinuria is present.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.