ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Titanium Dioxide Particle Type and Concentration Influence the Inflammatory Response in Caco-2 Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strain-Specific Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Fremyella Diplosiphon Physiological and Metabolic Responses.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Elemental Composition of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Ashes Revealed by Single Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometer.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bioaccessibility and cellular transport study of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles from exposed seaweed and mussels using Caco-2 cells.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Easy and green synthesis of nano-ZnO and nano-TiOHeliyon · 2024Article
- Emerging strategies for combatingExploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Oral intake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles affect the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis in mice: involvement of the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2023Article
- MRC-5 Human Lung Fibroblasts Alleviate the Genotoxic Effect of Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through an OGG1/2-Dependent Reparatory Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-A Systematic Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Chronic effects of two rutile TiOParticle and fibre toxicology · 2022Article
- The impact of selected food additives on the gastrointestinal tract in the example of nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- Investigating the Molecular Processes behind the Cell-Specific Toxicity Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanobelts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- TiOPrzeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2021Review
- Ecotoxicity to Freshwater Organisms and Cytotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Are We Generating Sufficient Data for Their Risk Assessment?Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Provocation by Different Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach to Manage the Cancer and Other Common Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- TatS: a novel in vitro tattooed human skin model for improved pigment toxicology research.Archives of toxicology · 2020Article
- TiOFood science and biotechnology · 2019Article
- A Brief Review about the Role of Nanomaterials, Mineral-Organic Nanoparticles, and Extra-Bone Calcification in Promoting Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression.Biomedicines · 2019Review
- Tailoring Cell Morphomechanical Perturbations Through Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.Nanoscale research letters · 2019Article
- Toxicological Evaluation of SiO₂ Nanoparticles by Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Test.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Effects of differently shaped TiOParticle and fibre toxicology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles are widely used in cosmetics, sunscreens, biomedicine, and food products. When used as a food additive, TiO₂ nanoparticles are used in significant amounts as white food-coloring agents. However, the effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. The present study was designed to determine the effects of five TiO₂ particles of different crystal structures and sizes in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Twenty-four-hour exposure to anatase (primary particle size: 50 and 100 nm) and rutile (50 nm) TiO₂ particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner in THP-1 macrophages, but in not Caco-2 cells. However, 72-h exposure of Caco-2 cells to anatase (50 nm) TiO₂ particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (50 µg/mL) of anatase (100 nm), rutile (50 nm), and P25 TiO₂ particles also reduced cellular viability in Caco-2 cells. The production of reactive oxygen species tended to increase in both types of cells, irrespective of the type of TiO₂ particle. Exposure of THP-1 macrophages to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO₂ particles increased interleukin (IL)-1β expression level, and exposure of Caco-2 cells to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO₂ particles also increased IL-8 expression. The results indicated that anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles induced inflammatory responses compared with other TiO₂ particles. Further studies are required to determine the in vivo relevance of these findings to avoid the hazards of ingested particles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.