Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27091643›Full record

ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2016

Comparative histology of mouse, rat, and human pelvic ligaments.

Ritsuko Iwanaga, David J Orlicky, Jameson Arnett, Marsha K Guess, K Joseph Hurt, Kathleen A Connell

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International urogynecology journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Animal models for pelvic organ prolapse: systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2021
    Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Chapter 4.5: New Proposed Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.International urogynecology journal · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Current practice in animal models for pelvic floor dysfunction.International urogynecology journal · 2023
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Female pelvic floor biomechanics: bridging the gap.Current opinion in urology · 2017
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ritsuko IwanagaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, RC2, Room 3010, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
David J OrlickyDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Jameson ArnettDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, RC2, Room 3010, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
Marsha K GuessObstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
K Joseph HurtDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, RC2, Room 3010, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
Kathleen A ConnellDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, RC2, Room 3010, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. kathleen.connell@ucdenver.edu.
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · USYale University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introduction and hypothesisThe uterosacral (USL) and cardinal ligaments (CL) provide support to the uterus and pelvic organs, and the round ligaments (RL) maintain their position in the pelvis. In women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), the connective tissue, smooth muscle, vasculature, and innervation of the pelvic support structures are altered. Rodents are commonly used animal models for POP research. However, the pelvic ligaments have not been defined in these animals. In this study, we hypothesized that the gross anatomy and histological composition of pelvic ligaments in rodents and humans are similar.

methodsWe performed an extensive literature search for anatomical and histological descriptions of the pelvic support ligaments in rodents. We also performed anatomical dissections of the pelvis to define anatomical landmarks in relation to the ligaments. In addition, we identified the histological components of the pelvic ligaments and performed quantitative analysis of the smooth muscle bundles and connective tissue of the USL and RL.

resultsThe anatomy of the USL, CL, and RL and their anatomical landmarks are similar in mice, rats, and humans. All species contain the same cellular components and have similar histological architecture. However, the cervical portion of the mouse USL and RL contain more smooth muscle and less connective tissue compared with rat and human ligaments.

conclusionThe pelvic support structures of rats and mice are anatomically and histologically similar to those of humans. We propose that both mice and rats are appropriate, cost-effective models for directed studies in POP research.

Indexed as

Models, AnimalAnimalsConnective TissueFemaleHumansLigamentsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMuscle, SmoothPelvic Organ ProlapsePelvisRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyUterusVaginaCardinal ligamentHistologyPelvic organ prolapseRound ligamentSmooth muscleUterosacral ligament

Identifiers

PMID27091643
OpenAlexW2339135864

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.