Trial reportSleep2016
Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Sleep and Mitigates Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Trial report in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Quality?
Time-efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training for Improving Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Older Adults With Sleep Disordered Breathing
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of six different exercise therapies on sleep indices, cardiopulmonary endurance, and body composition in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders: network meta-analysis of 40 RCTs.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effects of weight-loss diet, exercise training, respiratory muscle training, and oropharyngeal muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A hypotensive protocol of inspiratory muscle strength training: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of inspiratory muscle training on blood pressure- and sleep-related outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of respiratory training on obstructive sleep apnea: systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Pooled it
- Models of anatomically based oropharyngeal rehabilitation with a multilevel approach for patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-synthesis and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of respiratory muscle therapy on obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of respiratory exercises in sleep bruxism and associated obstructive sleep apnea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2024Trial
- Respiratory muscle endurance training improves exercise performance but does not affect resting blood pressure and sleep in healthy active elderly.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Trial
- The effect of tongue elevation muscle training in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomised controlled trial.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- A multi-trial, retrospective analysis of the antihypertensive effects of high-resistance, low-volume inspiratory muscle strength training.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Trial
- Clinical safety and hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Trial
- Inspiratory muscle training as adjuvant therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2022Trial
- Time-Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above-Normal Blood Pressure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Trial
- Inspiratory muscle strength training lowers blood pressure and sympathetic activity in older adults with OSA: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2020Trial
- The effects of threshold inspiratory muscle training in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized experimental study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Trial
- Inspiratory Muscle Training in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Control Study.BioMed research international · 2020Trial
- Effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training on sleep and functional capacity to exercise in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2018Trial
- Effects of a Four-Week Combined Respiratory Muscle Training and Breathing Exercise Program on Breath-Holding Time, Functional Performance, Sleep Quality, and Perceived Stress in Healthy University Students.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of inspiratory muscle training on cardiorespiratory network physiology: evidence from cardiac autonomic modulation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and baroreflex sensitivity analysis.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesNew and effective strategies are needed to manage the autonomic and cardiovascular sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We assessed the effect of daily inspiratory muscle strength training (IMT) on sleep and cardiovascular function in adults unable to use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.
methodsThis is a placebo-controlled, single-blind study conducted in twenty four adults with mild, moderate, and severe OSA. Subjects were randomly assigned to placebo or inspiratory muscle strength training. Subjects in each group performed 5 min of training each day for 6 w. All subjects underwent overnight polysomnography at intake and again at study close.
resultsWe evaluated the effects of placebo training or IMT on sleep, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamines. Relative to placebo-trained subjects with OSA, subjects with OSA who performed IMT manifested reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (-12.3 ± 1.6 SBP and -5.0 ± 1.3 DBP mmHg; P < 0.01); plasma norepinephrine levels (536.3 ± 56.6 versus 380.6 ± 41.2 pg/mL; P = 0.01); and registered fewer nighttime arousals and reported improved sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores: 9.1 ± 0.9 versus 5.1 ± 0.7; P = 0.001). These favorable outcomes were achieved without affecting apneahypopnea index.
conclusionsThe results are consistent with our previously published findings in normotensive adults but further indicate that IMT can modulate blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in subjects with ongoing nighttime apnea and hypoxemia. Accordingly, we suggest IMT offers a low cost, nonpharmacologic means of improving sleep and blood pressure in patients who are intolerant of CPAP.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.