Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27090022›Full record

ReviewBrain stimulation

The Clinical TMS Society Consensus Review and Treatment Recommendations for TMS Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder.

Tarique Perera, Mark S George, Geoffrey Grammer, Philip G Janicak, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Theodore S Wirecki

6 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readReviewConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 284 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
284citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
31.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02939560 nacompletednot on this map

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of South CarolinaRan2016 to 2018Enrolled13ConditionsAutism Spectrum Disorder, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive DisorderArmsNeuroStar® TMS device (Neuronetics, Atlanta, GA)
NCT02990793 nacompletednot on this map

A Prospective, Double Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Clinical Trial to Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of Biometrics-Guided Magnetic EEG Resonance Therapy (MeRT) Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

TypeinterventionalSponsorWave NeuroscienceRan2022 to 2025Enrolled158ConditionsPostTraumatic Stress Disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury, Postconcussive SymptomsArmsActive MeRT Treatment, Sham MeRT Treatment
NCT04441008 nanot yet recruitingnot on this map

Radical aiTBS Protocol for Intractable Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of IowaRan2026 to 2030Enrolled50ConditionsMajor Depressive Disorder, SuicideArmsAccelerated Intermittent Theta Burst (aiTBS), Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
NCT06490965 narecruitingnot on this map

Improving Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Treatments: from Lesions to Neuromodulation Targets

TypeinterventionalSponsorFundacao ChampalimaudRan2024 to 2026Enrolled32ConditionsObsessive-Compulsive DisorderArmsRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Neuronavigation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NCT06765824 phase3not yet recruitingnot on this map

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Dual Disorders: Study in Patients with Depression and Tobacco Addiction

TypeinterventionalSponsorCardenal Herrera UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled36ConditionsMajor Depression, Tobacco AddictionArmsRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Sham
NCT07673913 nanot yet recruitingnot on this map

Relationship Between Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Peripheral Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Biomarkers in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorGulhane Training and Research HospitalRan2026 to 2027Enrolled100ConditionsTreatment-resistant Depression (TRD), Major DepressionArmsIntermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

284 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 658 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy in depression between repetitive TMS and deep TMS.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025
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  16. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2021
    Pooled it
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224 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Tarique PereraContemporary Care, Greenwich, CT, USA.
Mark S GeorgeBrain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address: georgem@musc.edu.
Geoffrey GrammerTMS NeuroHealth, McLean, VA, USA.
Philip G JanicakDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Alvaro Pascual-LeoneBerenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Theodore S WireckiTMS Center of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USMedical University of South Carolina · USNorthwestern University · US

Funding

Role of functional brain connectivity on efficacy of TMS for depressionR21MH099196 · NIMH · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI PASCUAL-LEONE, ALVARO · 2013 to 2014
$491k
NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH099196
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) therapy repeated daily over 4-6 weeks (20-30 sessions) is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for treating Major Depressive Disorder in adults who have not responded to prior antidepressant medications. In 2011, leading TMS clinical providers and researchers created the Clinical TMS Society (cTMSs) (www.clinicaltmssociety.org, Greenwich, CT, USA), incorporated in 2013.

methodsThis consensus review was written by cTMSs leaders, informed by membership polls, and approved by the governing board. It summarizes current evidence for the safety and efficacy of the use of TMS therapy for treating depression in routine clinical practice. Authors systematically reviewed the published TMS antidepressant therapy clinical trials. Studies were then assessed and graded on their strength of evidence using the Levels of Evidence framework published by the University of Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. The authors then summarize essentials for using TMS therapy in routine clinical practice settings derived from discussions and polls of cTMSs members. Finally, each summary clinical recommendation is presented with the substantiating peer-reviewed, published evidence supporting that recommendation. When the current published clinical trial evidence was insufficient or incomplete, expert opinion was included when sufficient consensus was available from experienced clinician users among the membership of the cTMSs, who were polled at the Annual Meetings in 2014 and 2015.

conclusionsDaily left prefrontal TMS has substantial evidence of efficacy and safety for treating the acute phase of depression in patients who are treatment resistant or intolerant. Following the clinical recommendations in this document should result in continued safe and effective use of this exciting new treatment modality.

Indexed as

AdultAntidepressive AgentsEvidence-Based MedicineHumansMajor Depressive DisorderPrefrontal CortexSocieties, MedicalTranscranial Magnetic StimulationTreatment OutcomeAntidepressive AgentsDepressionGuidelinesReviewTMS

Identifiers

PMID27090022
PMCPMC5612370
OpenAlexW2302097048

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.