SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2016
Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Enteral micronutrient supplementation and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm or low birth weight infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of milk type and fortification on the growth of low-birthweight infants: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Nutritional interventions to reduce rates of infection, necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality in very preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2020Pooled it
- Neonatal interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Donor human milk pasteurization methods and the effect on milk components as they relate to Necrotizing enterocolitis.Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine · 2025Review
- Comparison of canine colostrum and milk using a multi-omics approach.Animal microbiome · 2024Article
- Does protocol miconazole administration improve mortality and morbidity on surgical necrotizing enterocolitis?Pediatric surgery international · 2023Article
- The role of human milk nutrients in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Nutritional Supplements to Improve Outcomes in Preterm Neonates.Clinics in perinatology · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of feeding supplementation in preterm infants: an overview of systematic reviews.BMC pediatrics · 2022Review
- The need to study human milk as a biological system.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
- Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Low-Protein, Hypocaloric Nutrition with Glutamine versus Full-Feeding in the Acute Phase in ICU Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
- A Review of the Immunomodulating Components of Maternal Breast Milk and Protection Against Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Effects of glutamine, taurine and their association on inflammatory pathway markers in macrophages.Inflammopharmacology · 2018Article
- Immunomodulation to Prevent or Treat Neonatal Sepsis: Past, Present, and Future.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2018Review
- Therapeutic benefits of glutamine: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.Biomedical reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid. Endogenous biosynthesis may be insufficient for tissue needs in states of metabolic stress. Evidence exists that glutamine supplementation improves clinical outcomes in critically ill adults. It has been suggested that glutamine supplementation may also benefit preterm infants.
objectivesTo determine the effects of glutamine supplementation on mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. SEARCH
methodsWe used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. This included searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2015, Issue 12), MEDLINE, EMBASE and Maternity and Infant Care (to December 2015), conference proceedings and previous reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared glutamine supplementation versus no glutamine supplementation in preterm infants at any time from birth to discharge from hospital. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data using the standard methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group, with separate evaluation of trial quality and data extraction by two review authors. We synthesised data using a fixed-effect model and reported typical relative risk, typical risk difference and weighted mean difference. MAIN
resultsWe identified 12 randomised controlled trials in which a total of 2877 preterm infants participated. Six trials assessed enteral glutamine supplementation and six trials assessed parenteral glutamine supplementation. The trials were generally of good methodological quality. Meta-analysis did not find an effect of glutamine supplementation on mortality (typical relative risk 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 1.17; risk difference 0.00, 95% confidence interval -0.03 to 0.02) or major neonatal morbidities including the incidence of invasive infection or necrotising enterocolitis. Three trials that assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in children aged 18 to 24 months and beyond did not find any effects. AUTHORS'
conclusionsThe available trial data do not provide evidence that glutamine supplementation confers important benefits for preterm infants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.