ReviewImmunological reviews2016
Thymus: the next (re)generation.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 cooperatively regulate thymic epithelial cell function to prevent early-onset thymic involution.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Morphometric analysis of the thymic epithelial cell network using integrated and orthogonal digital pathology approaches.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Thymic health consequences in adults.Nature · 2026Article
- Article
- Combinatory differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells generates functional thymic epithelium driving dendritic cell and CD4/CD8 T cell development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Radiation-induced lymphopenia: A data compilation to unveil relevant factors and mitigation strategies.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Review
- Combining advanced radiotherapy techniques and immunotherapy: immunomodulatory mechanisms and clinical prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identifying space-resolved proteins of the murine thymus, by combining MALDI-MSI and proteomics.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Thymic regeneration and tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanism and intervention strategy of thymus atrophy in cancer immunotherapy.American journal of cancer research · 2026Review
- Immunosenescence and organoids: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Damage-induced IL-18 stimulates thymic NK cells limiting endogenous tissue regeneration.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Effect of sakuranetin against cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficiency mice: role of IFN-γ/TNF-α/IgG/IgM/interleukins.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Integrating cuproptosis and immunosenescence: A novel therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Unraveling immunosenescence in sepsis: from cellular mechanisms to therapeutics.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- The Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of Postnatal Human Thymus Stromal Stem Cells.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Aging immunity: unraveling the complex nexus of diet, gut microbiome, and immune function.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025Review
- Prediction of Grade 4 radiation-induced lymphopenia during chemoradiation therapy for lung cancer patients: Insights from two past trials.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As the primary site of T-cell development, the thymus plays a key role in the generation of a strong yet self-tolerant adaptive immune response, essential in the face of the potential threat from pathogens or neoplasia. As the importance of the role of the thymus has grown, so too has the understanding that it is extremely sensitive to both acute and chronic injury. The thymus undergoes rapid degeneration following a range of toxic insults, and also involutes as part of the aging process, albeit at a faster rate than many other tissues. The thymus is, however, capable of regenerating, restoring its function to a degree. Potential mechanisms for this endogenous thymic regeneration include keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) signaling, and a more recently described pathway in which innate lymphoid cells produce interleukin-22 (IL-22) in response to loss of double positive thymocytes and upregulation of IL-23 by dendritic cells. Endogenous repair is unable to fully restore the thymus, particularly in the aged population, and this paves the way toward the need for exogenous strategies to help regenerate or even replace thymic function. Therapies currently in clinical trials include KGF, use of the cytokines IL-7 and IL-22, and hormonal modulation including growth hormone administration and sex steroid inhibition. Further novel strategies are emerging in the preclinical setting, including the use of precursor T cells and thymus bioengineering. The use of such strategies offers hope that for many patients, the next regeneration of their thymus is a step closer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.