ArticleAndrology2016
Low-dose effects of bisphenol A on mammary gland development in rats.
Article in Andrology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging evidence for skeletal muscle as a target of BPA exposure.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Review
- Developmental low-dose bisphenol A exposure leads to extensive transcriptome female masculinization and male feminization later in life.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Biological Basis of Breast Cancer-Related Disparities in Precision Oncology Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Breast Cancer Exposomics.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Maternal Bisphenol B Exposure and Mammary Gland Development of Offspring: A Time-Series Analysis.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Article
- Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Article
- Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and neurodevelopment: How articles of daily use influence the development of our children.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2021Review
- Bisphenol-A exposure and risk of breast and prostate cancer in the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Update on the Health Effects of Bisphenol A: Overwhelming Evidence of Harm.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and breastfeeding duration: a review.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2020Review
- Thresholds and Endocrine Disruptors: An Endocrine Society Policy Perspective.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: economic, regulatory, and policy implications.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2020Review
- A Combined Morphometric and Statistical Approach to Assess Nonmonotonicity in the Developing Mammary Gland of Rats in the CLARITY-BPA Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- The Use and Misuse of Historical Controls in Regulatory Toxicology: Lessons from the CLARITY-BPA Study.Endocrinology · 2020Article
- Safeguarding Female Reproductive Health against Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-The FREIA Project.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- In Utero Exposure to Bisphenol a Promotes Mammary Tumor Risk in MMTV-Erbb2 Transgenic Mice Through the Induction of ER-erbB2 Crosstalk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in food contact materials, toys, and other products. Several studies have indicated that effects observed at doses near human exposure levels may not be observed at higher doses. Many studies have shown effects on mammary glands at low doses of BPA, however, because of small number of animals or few doses investigated these data have not been used by EFSA as point of departure for the newly assessed tolerable daily intake (TDI). We performed a study with perinatal exposure to BPA (0, 0.025, 0.25, 5, and 50 mg/kg bw/day) in rats (n = 22 mated/group). One of the aims was to perform a study robust enough to contribute to the risk assessment of BPA and to elucidate possible biphasic dose-response relationships. We investigated mammary gland effects in the offspring at 22, 100, and 400 days of age. Male offspring showed increased mammary outgrowth on pup day (PD) 22 at 0.025 mg/kg BPA, indicating an increased mammary development at this low dose only. Increased prevalence of intraductal hyperplasia was observed in BPA females exposed to 0.25 mg/kg at PD 400, but not at PD 100, and not at higher or lower doses. The present findings support data from the published literature showing that perinatal exposure to BPA can induce increased mammary growth and proliferative lesions in rodents. Our results indicate that low-dose exposure to BPA can affect mammary gland development in male and female rats, although higher doses show a different pattern of effects. The observed intraductal hyperplasia in female rats could be associated with an increased risk for developing hyperplastic lesions, which are parallels to early signs of breast neoplasia in women. Collectively, current knowledge on effects of BPA on mammary gland at low doses indicates that highly exposed humans may not be sufficiently protected.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.