Observational studyPloS one2016
D-Dimer Levels before HIV Seroconversion Remain Elevated Even after Viral Suppression and Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Non-AIDS Events.
Observational study in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Examining Depression as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in People with HIV: A Systematic Review.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of switching to the standardized research electronic cigarette in people with HIV who smoke in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Inflammatory Biomarker Reduction With Fostemsavir Over 96 Weeks in Heavily Treatment-Experienced Adults With Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 in the BRIGHTE Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Vorapaxar for HIV-associated inflammation and coagulopathy (ADVICE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The lancet. HIV · 2018Trial
- QR Code-Enabled Self-Access Lifestyle Education in Older People Living With HIV: Pragmatic Pilot Quasi-Experimental Pretest-Posttest Implementation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Impact of a factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban) on SIV pathogenesis and response to antiretroviral therapy.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Greater Accumulation of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in People Diagnosed and Treated During Acute HIV Compared With People Without HIV.Neurology · 2025Article
- Intestinal Microbiota and Aging in People with HIV-What We Know and What We Don't.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use on Cardiovascular-Disease-Related Inflammatory Biomarkers in Smokers with HIV in a Switching Study in the United States.Pharmacoepidemiology · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis in HIV Infection.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Review
- CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Comparison of platelet-and endothelial-associated biomarkers of disease activity in people hospitalized with Covid-19 with and without HIV co-infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification of two different coagulation phenotypes in people living with HIV with undetectable viral replication.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Design of a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation medications for alcohol reduction among HIV-positive heavy drinkers and daily smokers in St. Petersburg, Russia.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2020Article
- Factor Xa Inhibition Reduces Coagulation Activity but Not Inflammation Among People With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interruptions Are Associated With Systemic Inflammation Among Ugandans Who Achieved Viral Suppression.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- The US Military HIV Natural History Study: Informing Military HIV Care and Policy for Over 30 Years.Military medicine · 2019Article
- Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Vascular Disease.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Using DNA methylation to validate an electronic medical record phenotype for smoking.Addiction biology · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the excess risk of non-AIDS diseases among HIV infected people is unclear. HIV associated inflammation/hypercoagulability likely plays a role. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) may return this process to pre-HIV levels, this has not been directly demonstrated. We analyzed data/specimens on 249 HIV+ participants from the US Military HIV Natural History Study, a prospective, multicenter observational cohort of >5600 active duty military personnel and beneficiaries living with HIV. We used stored blood specimens to measure D-dimer and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) at three time points: pre-HIV seroconversion, ≥6 months post-HIV seroconversion but prior to ART initiation, and ≥6 months post-ART with documented HIV viral suppression on two successive evaluations. We evaluated the changes in biomarker levels between time points, and the association between these biomarker changes and future non-AIDS events. During a median follow-up of 3.7 years, there were 28 incident non-AIDS diseases. At ART initiation, the median CD4 count was 361cells/mm3; median duration of documented HIV infection 392 days; median time on ART was 354 days. Adjusted mean percent increase in D-dimer levels from pre-seroconversion to post-ART was 75.1% (95% confidence interval 24.6-148.0, p = 0.002). This increase in D-dimer was associated with a significant 22% increase risk of future non-AIDS events (p = 0.03). Changes in IL-6 levels across time points were small and not associated with future non-AIDS events. In conclusion, ART initiation and HIV viral suppression does not eliminate HIV associated elevation in D-dimer levels. This residual pathology is associated with an increased risk of future non-AIDS diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.