ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2016
Influence of Extrinsic Risk Factors on National Football League Injury Rates.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk Factors Associated with New Onset of Shoulder Pain and Injury Among the Athletic Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Do Climate and Environmental Characteristics Influence Concussion Incidence in Outdoor Contact Sports? A Systematic Review.Journal of athletic training · 2023Pooled it
- Head Games: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining Concussion and Head Impact Incidence Rates, Modifiable Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies in Youth Tackle Football.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk and Prognosis of Hamstring Injuries in the National Football League: A 12-Year Review.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Association of Injury Rates Among Players in the National Football League With Playoff Qualification, Travel Distance, Game Timing, and the Addition of Another Game: Data From the 2017 to 2022 Seasons.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Risk factors for hamstring strain injury in male college American football players -a preliminary prospective cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Influence of Preseason Versus In-Season Play on Achilles Tendon Injuries in the National Football League.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2021Article
- The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study.Cureus · 2019Article
- A Systematic Review of the Orthopaedic Literature Involving National Football League Players.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2019Review
- Incidence, Mechanisms, and Severity of Game-Related High School Football Injuries Across Artificial Turf Systems of Various Infill Weights.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2019Article
- Does the Environment Influence the Frequency of Concussion Incidence in Professional Football?Cureus · 2018Article
- Game Schedules and Rate of Concussions in the National Football League.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2017Article
- Distal Fibula Fractures in National Football League Athletes.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe risk of injury associated with American football is significant, with recent reports indicating that football has one of the highest rates of all-cause injury, including concussion, of all major sports. There are limited studies examining risk factors for injuries in the National Football League (NFL). PURPOSE: To identify risk factors for NFL concussions and musculoskeletal injuries. STUDY
designCase-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
methodsInjury report data were collected prospectively for each week over the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 regular seasons for all 32 teams. Poisson regression models were used to identify the relationship between predetermined variables and the risk of the 5 most frequent injuries (knee, ankle, hamstring, shoulder, and concussion).
resultsA total of 480 games or 960 team games (TGs) from the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 regular seasons were included in this study. A trend to an increasing risk of concussion and TG ankle injury with decreasing mean game-day temperature was observed. The risk of TG concussion (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.16; 95% CI, 1.35-3.45; P = .001) and TG ankle injury (IRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10-1.98; P = .01) was significantly greater for TGs played at a mean game-day temperature of ≤9.7°C (≤49.5°F) compared with a mean game-day temperature of ≥21.0°C (≥69.8°F). The risk of TG shoulder injury was significantly increased for TGs played on grass surfaces (IRR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.81; P = .038) compared with synthetic surfaces. The risk of TG injury was not associated with time in season, altitude, time zone change prior to game, or distance traveled to a game.
conclusionThis study evaluated extrinsic risk factors for injury in the NFL. A hazardous association was identified for risk of concussion and ankle injury with colder game-day temperature. Further research should be conducted to substantiate this relationship and its potential implication for injury prevention initiatives.
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