ReviewMetabolism: clinical and experimental2016
The timing hypothesis: Do coronary risks of menopausal hormone therapy vary by age or time since menopause onset?
Review in Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of estrogen and testosterone on cardiac electrophysiology and atrial fibrillation.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Review
- Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Open life sciences · 2023Review
- A Green Blue LED-Driven Two-Liquid-Phase One-Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of Estrogen-Related Quinol Prodrugs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Female Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Bronchiectasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Study.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Endolysosome Localization of ERα Is Involved in the Protective Effect of 17α-Estradiol against HIV-1 gp120-Induced Neuronal Injury.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Prior Oral Contraceptive Use and Longer Term Mortality Outcomes in Women with Suspected Ischemic Heart Disease.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- Is there a role for menopausal hormone therapy in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis?Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Review
- Review
- A Novel Prodrug Approach for Central Nervous System-Selective Estrogen Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Weight gain since age of 20 as risk of metabolic syndrome even in non-overweight individuals.Endocrine · 2017Article
- Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) leads to left ventricular dysfunction and adverse remodeling: A sex-specific gene profiling analysis.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2017Article
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy, Age, and Chronic Diseases: Perspectives on Statistical Trends.Chemical research in toxicology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a landmark randomized trial of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) for prevention of chronic disease in postmenopausal women aged 50-79, established that such therapy neither prevents coronary heart disease (CHD) nor yields a favorable balance of benefits and risks in such women as a whole. However, a nuanced look at the data from this trial, considered alongside other evidence, suggests that timing of HT initiation affects the relation between such therapy and coronary risk, as well as its overall benefit-risk balance. Estrogen may have a beneficial effect on the heart if started in early menopause, when a woman's arteries are likely to be relatively healthy, but a harmful effect if started in late menopause, when those arteries are more likely to show signs of atherosclerotic disease. However, even if HT-associated relative risks are constant across age or time since menopause onset, the low absolute risk of CHD in younger or recently menopausal women translates into low attributable risks in this group. Thus, HT initiation for relief of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in early menopausal patients who have a favorable coronary profile remains a viable option.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.