ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2016
Population impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on developmental disabilities in US children.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between gestational diabetes and ASD and ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born from different ART treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Whole genome methylation and transcriptome analyses to identify risk for cerebral palsy (CP) in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN).Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Age-period-cohort analysis of low birth weight, early-term delivery, induction, and cesarean-section, US births 1990-2019.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- A Novel Fixel-Based Approach for Resolving Neonatal White Matter Microstructure from Clinical Diffusion MRI.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Decomposing Black-White and Hispanic-White Disparities in Infant Prematurity by Maternal Age and Maternal Educational Attainment in the U.S., 2004-2023.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- μ Opioid Modulation of Sensorimotor Functional Connectivity in Autism: Insights From a Pharmacological Neuroimaging Investigation Using Tianeptine.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- A prospective study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), stress, and birth size in a cohort of U.S. Black women.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Voting Restrictions and Increased Odds of Adverse Birth Outcomes in the US.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Validation of ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes for Identifying Preterm Birth and Low Birthweight Infants in Florida Birth Hospitalizations, 2008-2018.Journal of registry management · 2026Article
- A novel fixel-based approach for resolving neonatal white matter microstructure from clinical diffusion MRI.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- A Compassion-Focused Approach to Support Parents After Preterm Birth.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2025Review
- Perinatal Outcomes of Chronic Abruption Oligohydramnios Sequence: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Measurement of Salivary Cortisol for Revealing Age-Specific Dependence of Cortisol Levels on Time, Feeding, and Oxygen Metabolism in Newborn Infants.Biosensors · 2025Article
- A review of the association between in vitro fertilization and children's neurocognitive development.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Review
- Children born to subfertile couples, how are they doing? Evidence from research.Archives of disease in childhood · 2024Review
- Cerebral palsy: potential risk factors and functional status among children under three years, a case-control study in northwest Iran.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Cerebral Palsy and Motor Impairment After Extreme Prematurity: Prediction of Diagnoses at Ages 2 and 10 Years.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Effects of disability on adverse health outcomes and anthropometric deficits among under-five children in South Asian countries: evidence from multiple indicator cluster surveys.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Pregnancy Planning and its Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAlthough previous studies demonstrate associations between adverse perinatal outcomes and developmental disabilities (DDs), study of population impacts is limited.
methodsWe computed relative risks adjusted (aRRs) for sociodemographic factors and component and summary population attributable fractions (PAFs) for associations between very low birth weight (VLBW, all preterm births), moderately low birth weight (MLBW) + Preterm, MLBW at term, and normal birth weight (NBW) + Preterm and seven DDs (cerebral palsy [CP], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], intellectual disability [ID], behavioral-conduct disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], learning disability [LD], and other developmental delay) among children aged 3-17 years in the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health.
resultsVLBW-Preterm, MLBW-Preterm and NBW-Preterm were strongly to moderately associated with CP (aRRs: 43.5, 10.1, and 2.2, respectively; all significant) and also associated with ID, ASD, LD, and other developmental delay (aRR ranges: VLBW-Preterm 2.8-5.3; MLBW-Preterm 1.9-2.8; and NBW-Preterm 1.6-2.3). Summary PAFs for preterm birth and/or LBW were 55% for CP, 10%-20% for ASD, ID, LD, and other developmental delay, and less than 5% for ADHD and behavioral-conduct disorders. Findings were similar whether we assessed DDs as independent outcomes or within mutually exclusive categories accounting for DD co-occurrence.
conclusionsPreterm birth has a sizable impact on child neurodevelopment. However, relative associations and population impacts vary widely by DD type.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.