ReviewClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2016
Reversing T-cell Dysfunction and Exhaustion in Cancer.
Review in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 278 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
278 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 462 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-TIGIT therapies for solid tumors: a systematic review.ESMO open · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic value of TIGIT in East Asian patients with solid cancers: A systematic review, meta-analysis and pancancer analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant vidutolimod and nivolumab in high-risk resectable melanoma: A prospective phase II trial.Cancer cell · 2024Trial
- Toripalimab combined with definitive chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients (TRACE): A single-arm, phase I/II trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Trial
- A phase I/II clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of NKT cells combined with gefitinib for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2021Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Trial
- Safety and feasibility of CRISPR-edited T cells in patients with refractory non-small-cell lung cancer.Nature medicine · 2020Trial
- The multifaceted landscape of T cell exhaustion in organ transplantation: From molecular mechanisms (epigenetics, transcription, metabolism) to induction strategies.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TFAP2A links drug resistance to antitumor immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Revealing the dynamics of follicular T cells and checkpoint engagement in surgically resected colorectal cancer and their relations to clinicopathological aspects.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Gastric Cancer: Pathobiology and Therapeutics.MedComm · 2026Review
- A novel photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy reprograms the Kynurenine-AhR axis to boost antitumor immunity in breast cancer.Redox biology · 2026Article
- LAG3 as a potential biomarker in breast cancer: integrated tissue and peripheral blood analysis reveals clinical and pathomic insights in triple-negative disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Metformin drives HIF-1α-mediated dual metabolic reprogramming to enhance γδ T cell therapy in triple-negative breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Low GBX2 expression is associated with histological type B thymoma: a multi-omics analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- CD93-targeted resveratrol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles remodel CD8⁺ T cell metabolism through AIF-mediated oxidative phosphorylation to overcome lung cancer immunotherapy resistance.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Clinical and immunological implications of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 expression in metastatic colorectal cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Posttranscriptional regulation of PD-1 by PRMT5/WDR77 complex shapes T cell effector function and antitumor immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- A fungi-derived cyclic peptide enhances Th9-mediated antitumor immunity by targeting ZAP70 and SREBP1.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
218 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the context of chronic antigen exposure in chronic viral infections and cancer, T cells become exhausted/dysfunctional. These exhausted T cells exhibit defective proliferative capacities and cytokine production, but are not totally inert and may exert lytic functions. Importantly, exhausted T cells upregulate multiple inhibitory receptors/immune checkpoints that bind to their ligands expressed by tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune checkpoint blockades with anti-CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and/or anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) mAbs successfully reinvigorate tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and provide persistent clinical benefits to a large number of patients with advanced cancer. This great and long-awaited success for the immunotherapy of cancer has infused considerable enthusiasm in the field of oncology and fostered the development of combinatorial strategies to target the multiple mechanisms of tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction. Here, we review the critical immunoregulatory mechanisms driving T-cell exhaustion in the TME. We also discuss the development of promising combinatorial immunotherapies to counteract the mechanisms of tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction to improve the clinical efficacy of current immune checkpoint blockades. As our understanding of the mechanisms supporting tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction improves based upon preclinical and clinical studies, we expect that novel combinatorial immunotherapies will emerge to improve the clinical outcome of patients with advanced cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.